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PERTINAX, 1 January-28 March 193 - AR Denarius, Rome (193)
weight 3,40gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.
obv. Laureate head of Pertinax right, surrounded by the legend; IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG rev. Fortuna, draped, standing left, holding rudder set on globe in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, surrounded by the legend; DIS CVSTODIBVS
Pertinax was born in Liguria (northwest Italy) on 1 August 126 as a son of a freed slave. He originally worked as a teacher before becoming an officer in the army. He fought in the war with the Parthians during the 160′s, and success there led to higher-ranking positions in both the military and political spheres, including provincial governor and urban prefect. He was also a member of the Roman Senate, where he was a contemporary of the historian Cassius Dio. Following the death of Commodus in 192 AD, Pertinax was acclaimed emperor. He attempted to institute several reform measures, although the short length of his time as emperor prevented the success of those attempts. One of those reforms, the restoration of discipline among the Praetorian Guards, led to conflict that eventually culminated in Pertinax′s assassination by the Guard. His reign lasted only 3 months. After his death, the Praetorians auctioned off the imperial title, which was won by the wealthy senator Didius Julianus, whose reign would last sixty-six days.
The reverse legend Dis Custodibus ′Under the Guardianship of the Gods′ is an explicit expression of imperial dependence, unusual in its reverence and humility in its reverence and humility. It is a very unusual in its reverence and humility legend, and hardly used for Roman coins. Cohen 14 ; RIC 2 (R3); BMC 1 ; Sear 6039 RRR Very attractive portrait. Extremely rare. vf |
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PERTINAX, 1 Jan.- 28 March 193 - AR Denarius, Rome
weight 3,40gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Laureate head of Pertinax right, surrounded by the legend; IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG rev. Providentia, draped, standing left, pointing her right hand to star and resting left hand on breast, surrounded by the legend; PROVID DEOR COS II
Cohen 43 ; RIC 11a ; BMC 13 ; Sear 6046 RR Attractive coin, struck on a broad flan, with good portrait. Very rare. vf |
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TITIANA, wife of Pertinax - EGYPT, ALEXANDRIA - AE Diobol, jr. 1 (193 AD)
weight 9,58gr. ; bronze Ø 26mm.
obv. Draped bust of Titiana right, hair waved and coiled at back, surrounded by the legend; TITIANH-CEBACTH rev. Nikè (Victory) advanding left, holding wreath with both hands, L - A across field
Flavia Titiana was the daughter of a Senator, Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus, and sister of Titus Flavius Titianus (born circa 165), Consul suffectus circa 200. Her maternal grandfather was Titus Flavius Titianus, who was Praefectus of Aegyptus from 126 to 133 and was believed to be a third son of Titus Flavius Clemens and wife Flavia Domitilla. She married Publius Helvius Pertinax, a rich self-made man who had a successful military and civil career. She bore two children, a boy called Publius Helvius Pertinax Junior and an unknown daughter. Pertinax was proclaimed emperor after the murder of Commodus on 1 January 193. While the new princeps was offering the customary sacrifice on the Capitoline Hill, the Roman Senate gave Flavia Titiana the honorary title of Augusta. After the murder of Pertinax by the Praetorian Guard on 28 March, neither Flavia nor her children were hurt. Her fate, following her husband′s murder, is unknown.
No imperial coins were struck for Flavia Titiana, though some provincials were struck in Alexandria, Egypt. Only a few specimens are known from this coin type, from which this is by far the best preserved one. Coins of this empress are lacking in almost every Roman coin collection. Coin of great historical and numismatic importance and of the highest rarity.
Slg. Köln - ; Milne - ; Dattari -; Emmett- (cf. 2649 = tetradrachm) ; Hirsch, Sammlung Lambros, 1910, Nr.1124 ; Naville XI, 1925, 686 ; Sear GIC 2104 ; Cohen page 397, 1 RRRR Very attractive example with dark brown patina. Certainly one of the finest known. vf/xf |
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SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 193-211 - AE Sestertius, Rome (195)
weight 22,82gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
obv. Laureate head right L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP VII rev. Septimius Severus, in military attire, standing left, holding Victory on globe in extended right hand and spear in left hand, being crowned by Roma, helmeted, draped, holding parazonium in left hand DIVI M PII F P M TR P III COS II P P S C
Cohen 128 ; RIC 702a ; BMC 141,574 ; Sear 6410 R Attractive dark brown patina. Rare. vf- |
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SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 193-211 - AR Denarius, Rome (203)
weight 3,01gr. ; silver 19,5mm.
obv. Laureate head of Severus right, surrounded by the legend; SEVERVS PIVS AVG rev. Fortuna, draped, seated left on low seat, holding rudder set on globe in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, surrounded by the legend; FORTVNA REDVX
Cohen 181 ; RIC 264a ; BMC 217,327 ; Sear 6279 xf+ |
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SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 193-211 - AR Denarius, Rome (196-197)
weight 3,28gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.
obv. Laureate head right L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP VIII rev. Bacchus (Liber), standing front, head left, right hand on head (crowning himself ?) and holding thyrsus in left hand; at feet, left, leopard LIBERO PATRI
As Liber was one of the guardian deities of Severus′ birthplace, Lepcis Magna, it was appropriate to accord him the title of “Pater” (father). For VIII this coin type in missing in Cohen and RIC, but apparently there is one example in the Ashmolean Museum collection, as BMC refers to. Extremely rare.
Cohen- ; RIC - ; BMC page 616 (Ashmolean) ; Sear- (cf. 6307) RRRR vf |
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SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 193-211 - AR Denarius, Rome (207)
weight 3,51gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Laureate head of Severus right, surrounded by the legend; SEVERVS PIVS AVG rev. Roma, helmeted, draped, standing left, holding Victory in extended right hand and reversed spear in left hand, surrounded by the legend; PM TR P XIII COS III PP
Cohen 470 ; RIC 197 ; BMC 250, 474 ; Sear 6337 Beautiful coin with excellent details. xf |
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SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 193-211 - AR Denarius, Rome (200)
weight 3,44gr. ; silver 19mm.
obv. Laureate head of Severus right, surrounded by the legend; SEVERVS AVG PART MAX rev. Virtus, helmeted, draped, standing left, holding Victory in extended right hand and resting left hand on shield set on ground; spear resting against left arm, surrounded by the legend; VIRT AVGG
Cohen 761 ; RIC 171a ; BMC 195, 211 ; Sear 6367 Beautiful coin with excellent details. Near mint state. xf/unc |
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SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 193-211 - MYSIA, GERME - NEIKIAS, Strategos - AE Medaillon
weight 46,73gr. ; bronze Ø 44mm.
obv. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Severus right, seen from back, surrounded by the legend; AVT•KAIC Λ CЄΠ• CЄOYHPOC•ΠЄP• rev. Severus, in military attire, standing left, holding patera in extended right hand and holding spear in his left hand, crowned by Nikè (Victoria), who is standing behind him with palm branch, in front Tyche standing facing, holding cornucopiae in her left arm and resting her right arm on rudder, surrounded by the legend; ЄP CTPAI NЄIKIOV, ΓЄPMHNΩN in exergue
Germe was a town of ancient Mysia, situated between the rivers Macestus and Rhyndacus. Its site is located near Kiresun in Turkey. During the Roman empire, coins were not issued by Germe before the Flavian period. In the second and third centuries AD. the city experienced extensive coinage. Although little is known about the history of this city, it must have been a city of some size and prosperity at that time. In late Roman and Byzantine episcopal notices it appears as an archbishopric and was represented at the Council of Ephesus and Calcedon by the towns bishop.
provenance; ex. Righetti collection (Münzen & Medaillen, Auktion 15, lot 475)
Very impressive and heavy medaillion. Extremely rare.
BMC- ; SNG.Copenhagen-; SNG.von Aulock - ; SNG.Paris 984var. Lindgren collection- ; Righetti collection 475 ; Weber collection- ; Sear GIC- RRR vf |
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SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 193-211 - CAPPADOCIA, CAESAREA - AR Drachm, year 16 (208 AD)
weight 3,07gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.
obv. Laureate head of Severus right, surrounded by the legend; AV KAI Λ CЄΠT CЄOYHPOC rev. Mount Archaeus with crater and trees, star on top, surrounded by the legend; MHTPO KAICAPI NЄ, ЄT Iς in exergue
Caesarea (modern Kayseri in Turkey) was originally called Mazaka or Mazaca (according to Armenian tradition, it was founded by and named after Mishak) and was known as such to Strabo, during whose time it was the capital of the Roman province of Cilicia, known also as Eusebia at the Argaeus, after Ariarathes V Eusebes, King of Cappadocia (163–130 BC). The name was changed again by Archelaus, last King of Cappadocia (36 BC–14 AD) and a Roman vassal, to "Caesarea in Cappadocia" (to distinguish it from other cities with the name Caesarea in the Roman Empire) in honour of Caesar Augustus, upon his death in 14 AD. When the Muslim Arabs arrived, they adapted the pronunciation to their writing resulting in Kaisariyah (note that letter C in classical Latin was pronounced K), and this eventually became Kayseri when the Seljuk Turks took control of the city in circa 1080, remaining as such ever since. The city stood on a low spur on the north side of Mount Argaeus (modern Mount Erciyes), a vulcano with the height of nearly 4.000 meter.
BMC- ; SNG.Copenhagen-; SNG.von Aulock - (cf. 6468) ; Sydenham- ; Sear GIC- RRR Seems to be unpublished. Extremely rare. vf/xf |
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JULIA DOMNA, wife of Septimius Severus and mother of Caracalla - AE Sestertius, Rome (213)
weight 20,89gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm. This coin was minted during the reign of Caracalla.
obv. Bust of Julia Domna, hair elaborately waved in ridges and turned up low at the back, diademed, draped, right IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG rev. Felicitas, draped, standing left, sacrificing out of patera in right hand over altar and holding caduceus in left hand SAECVLI FELICITAS S C Julia Domna was the second wife of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus and the mother of Emperors Geta and Caracalla. Unlike most Empresses, Julia travelled with her husband on military campaigns. She was well respected and credited for supporting Philosophy after Nero had previously banned it. She chose to commit suicide following the asssasination of her son Caracalla during a rebellion.
Cohen 178 ; RIC 590 ; BMC 470, 215 ; Sear 7119 R Very attractive sestertius with good portrait. Rare. vf |
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JULIA DOMNA, wife of Septimius Severus (193-211) - PISIDIA, PARLAIS - AE 20
weight 4,40gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
obv. Draped bust leftt IVLIA DOMNA AVG rev. Mên with Phrygian cap standing right, left foot set on astragalos, holding sceptre and pinecone IVL AVG COL PARLAIS
Parlais was a small city in the north of Pisidia. It was one of the many Roman settlements, built like forts, of the 1st century BC. The language in these colonies was latin, which we can also see on the coins. The 2nd and 3rd century AD was a period of prosperity, but the first years of the 4th century AD marked the beginning of the decline of Pisidian cities.
BMC 2 ; SNG.Copenhagen- ; SNG.von Aulock- (cf.5137) ; SNG. Tübingen- ; von Aulock, Kleinasien 16, 24b ; Lindgren collection- ; Weber collection- ; SNG.Leypold - ; SNG.Pfälzer- ; SNG.Paris 1678 ; Sear GIC.2434 RR Very rare and attractive coin with dark patina. good vf |
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CARACALLA, 198-217 - AR Denarius, Rome (198)
weight 3,46gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.
obv. Laureate and draped bust of Caracalla right, seen from back IMP CAE M AVR ANT AVG P TR P rev. Minerva, helmeted, draped, standing left, holding Victory in extended right hand and spear in left hand; at feet, shield; behind, trophy MINER VICTRIX
Cohen 159 ; RIC 25a; BMC 162,107 ; Sear 6820 vf |
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CARACALLA, 198-217 - AR Antoninianus, Rome (215)
weight 5,01gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.
obv. Bust of Caracalla, radiate, draped, cuirassed, right ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM rev. Jupiter, naked, standing right, holding thunderbolt in right hand and sceptre in left hand P M TR P XVIII COS IIII P P
Cohen 279 ; RIC 258a ; BMC 110 ; Sear- vf |
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CARACALLA, 198-217 - MILITARY PROVINCIAL ISSUE (LIMES FALSUM) - BI Antoninianus, Rome (215)
weight 3,54gr. ; billon Ø 24mm.
obv. Bust of Caracalla, radiate, draped, cuirassed, right ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM rev. Jupiter, naked, standing right, holding thunderbolt in right hand and sceptre in left hand P M TR P XVIII COS IIII P P
Due to lack of money, sometimes coins were minted during military campaigns. These coin were minted with official dies, but with the use of debased silver. This way soldiers could be paid at low expenses. Very interesting and scarce.
cf. Cohen 279 ; cf. RIC 258a ; cf. BMC 110 ; Sear- S vf |
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CARACALLA, 198-217 - AR Denarius, Rome (199)
weight 3,16gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Laureate bust of Caracalla right, seen from back, wearing cuirass and paludamentum ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS rev. Securitas, draped, seated right on low seat, propping head on right hand and holding sceptre in left hand; to side, altar PONT TR P II
Cohen 498 ; RIC 29 ; BMC 184,156 ; Sear 6855 vf+ |
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CARACALLA, 198-217 - PISIDIA, ANTIOCHIA - AE 32
weight 24,21gr. ; bronze Ø 32mm. obv. Laureate and cuirassed bust right ANTONINVS IMP PIVS AVG rev. Mên Askaenos standing facing, head right, wearing Phrygian cap, Nikè on globe and sceptre, cock left at feet, S – R in field, ANTIOCH COL CAES S R around
Mên is often found in association with Persianate elements, especially with the goddess Anahita. Lunar symbolism dominates his iconography. The god is usually shown with the horns of a crescent emerging from behind his shoulders, and he is described as the god presiding over the (Lunar) months. Strabo describes Mên as a local god of the Phrygians. Mên may be influenced by the (feminine) Zoroastrian lunar divinity Mah, but his male sex is apparently due to the Mesopotamian moon god Sin. Aşlialan (1988) in a study of Antioch in Pisidia has remarked that the people who settled on the acropolis in the Greek colonial era carried the Mên Askaenos cult down to the plain as Patrios Theos and in the place where the Augusteum was built there are some signs of this former cult as bucrania on the rock-cut walls. Autochthonous Mên as attested in Anatolia is to be distinguished from his reception as a "Phrygian god" in Rome during the imperial period. Here, Mên is depicted with a Phrygian cap and a belted tunic. He may be accompanied by bulls, lions or a cock in religious artwork. The Roman iconography of Mên partly recalls that of Mithras, who also wears a Phrygian cap and is commonly depicted with a bull and symbols of the sun and moon. BMC-(vgl.38) ; SNG.Copenhagen- ; SNG.von Aulock-(vgl.4933) ; Pfälzer- ; Sammlung Leypold- ; SNG.France- (vgl.1175=Elagabalus) RRR Unpublished in the important reference works. Extremely rare. Very attractive coin with good portrait and dark brown patina. vf |
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PLAUTILLA, wife of Caracalla (198-217) - AR Denarius, Rome (202)
weight 3,27gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Bust of Plautilla, hair firmly waved and drawn down on neck, draped, right, surrounded by the legend; PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA rev. Venus, naked to waist, standing left, holding apple in extended right hand and palm in left hand, resting left elbow on shield; at feet, left, Cupid, surroundede by the legend; VENVS VICTRIX
Cohen 25 ; RIC 369 ; BMC 238,429 ; Sear 7074 vf |
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GETA as caesar, 198-209 - AR Denarius, Rome (203)
weight 3,34gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Bust of Geta, bare-headed, draped, right, surrounded by the legend; P SEPT GETA CAES PONT rev. Felicitas, draped, standing left, holding caduceus in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, surrounded by the legend; FELICITAS PVBLICA
Cohen 38 ; RIC 9a ; BMC 197,200 ; Sear 7173 Excellent portrait of the youthful Geta. xf/vf+ |
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GETA as caesar, 198-209 - AR Denarius, Rome (203)
weight 3,11gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
obv. Bust of Geta, bare-headed, draped, right, surrounded by the legend; P SEPT GETA CAES PONT rev. Felicitas, draped, standing left, holding caduceus in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, surrounded by the legend; FELICITAS PVBLICA
Cohen 38 ; RIC 9a ; BMC 197,200 ; Sear 7173 vf |
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GETA as Caesar, 198-209 - AR Denarius, Laodikea ad Mare (198)
weight 3,74gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Bare headed and draped bust right L SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES rev. Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae FELICITAS TEMPOR
The site of Laodicea ad Mare (modern Latakia, Syria) in Phoenicia has been inhabited since the 2nd millennium BC. By the Phoenicians it was known as Ramitha. The Greeks called it Leuke Akte (″White Coast″). The city was refounded by Seleukos I Nicator (301-281 BC), who renamed it in honour of his mother Laodice. It was a major port for the Seleukid Kingdom. Pompey the Great created the new Roman province of Syria in 64 BC. The Romans modified the name to Laodicea ad Mare. In 193, Laodicea was sacked by the governor of Syria, Pescennius Niger, in his revolt against Septimius Severus. In 194, Septimius Severus reorganized Syria into five new provinces. One of these, Coele-Syria, including all of northern Syria, briefly had its capital in Laodicea before reverting to Antioch. Septimius sought to punish Antioch for having supported Pescennius Niger. Septimius Severus endowed Laodicea with four colonnaded streets, baths, a theater, a hippodrome, numerous sanctuaries and other public buildings in the city. The city was a key strategic seaport for Roman Syria. To support Severus′ extensive military activities in the East, an imperial mint was opened at Laodicea. For a short time it became the second mint after Rome. In 202 the imperial mint at Laodikea was closed. ref. Cohen 43 ; RIC 95 R xf- à vf/xf |
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GETA as caesar, 198-209 - AE As, Rome (209)
weight 9,38gr. ; copper Ø 26mm.
obv. Bust of Geta, bare-headed, bearded, draped, cuirassed, right, surrounded by the legend; P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES rev. Minerva, helmeted, draped, seated left, feeding snake coiled round olive-tree and holding sceptre in left hand; on chair sphinx; behind, shield, with owl above, surrounded by the legend; PONTIF COS II, S C in exergue
Cohen 110 ; RIC 148 ; BMC 354, 863 ; Sear 7226 R vf- à f/vf |
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GETA as caesar, 198-209 - AR Denarius, Rome (208)
weight 2,90gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Bust of Geta, bare-headed, bearded, draped, right, surrounded by the legend; P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES rev. Genius, naked, standing left, sacrificing out of patera in right hand over garlanded and lighted altar and holding corn-ears in left hand, surrounded by the legend; PONTIF COS II
Cohen 114 ; RIC 59a ; BMC 274,584 ; Sear 7187 xf-/vf |
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GETA as caesar, 198-209 - AR Denarius, Rome (201)
weight 3,23gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Draped and cuirassed bust of Geta, with bare head, right, surrounded by the legend; P SEPT GETA CAES PONT rev. Geta standing left, holding branch in his right hand, and spear in his left, surrounded by the legend; PRINC IVVENT
Cohen 159 ; RIC 15b ; BMC 198, 232 Some weakness, but attractive portrait of the youthful Geta. vf/xf à vf+ |
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GETA, 209-212 - AR Denarius, Rome (210-212
weight 2,98gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.
obv. Head of Geta, laureate, bearded, right, surrounded by the legend; P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT rev. Victory, winged, nude to waist, stanading left, holding wreath in extended right hand and palm sloped over left shoulder in left hand, surrounded by the legend; VICTORIAE BRIT
This coin commemorates the Roman invasion of Caledonia by the Septimius Severus;
The cause of Severus′ invasion of Caledonia (modern day Scotland) was a massive increase in raids and attacks on Roman Britain. This was possible because in 195 Clodius Albinus, the Roman Governor of Britain, had led most of the British legions into Gaul during his revolt against Severus. Severus had sent them back to their posts after defeating Albinus, but they had suffered large casualties at the Battle of Lugdunum. This left Hadrian′s Wall undermanned and made it easy for the Caledonians to raid into Roman Britain. It was Severus goal to restore the Roman Empire border at the Antonine Wall.
In 208 Severus arrived in Britain with around 40.000 men and marched north to Hadrian′s Wall. Once at Hadrian′s Wall Severus initiated a massive rebuilding project which finally made the whole wall into stone (before the western portion had been mostly turf and timber); this led to later Romans calling Hadrian′s Wall the Severan Wall. After starting the project Severus marched north and occupied all the land between Hadrian′s Wall and the Antonine Wall. After completing the occupation Severus began another reconstruction project but this time on the Antonine Wall.
In 209 Severus led his army north into the highlands and invaded Caledonian territories. Severus suffered heavy casualties due to the guerrilla tactics used by the Caledonians. Because of this Severus began a plan of holding down all the territory he could by the reoccupation of many of Agricola′s old forts and devastating all the territory he couldn′t. This led to many of the tribes attempting to reach a peace agreement with Severus because of fear of extinction through Roman genocide. Peace talks failed and it looked as if the war would continue until all the tribes had submitted to Rome or been exterminated. In early 210 Severus′ son Caracalla led a punitive expedition north of the Antonine wall with the intention of killing everyone he came across and looting and burning everything of value. The plan was for Severus to follow his son′s army and permanently occupy all of Caledonia. In 210 Severus became ill and went to York to rest and recover. He kept getting worse until 4 February 211 when he died. Caracalla then called off the war against the Caledonians and headed back to Rome to consolidate his power. The Romans never campaigned deep into Caledonia again: they soon withdrew south permanently to Hadrian′s Wall. Although the goal of restoring the border at the Antonine Wall was not reached, these military campaign were regarded as very successful. The successes were propagandized by minting coins with the legend “VICTORIAE BRITTANICA”, and honouring Severus, Caracalla and Geta with the title “Brittanicus”. Rare historical coin.
Cohen 219 ; RIC 92 ; BMC 369, 68 ; Sear 7254 R vf/xf à vf+ |
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MACRINUS, 217-218 - AR Denarius, Rome (217)
weight 3,33gr. ; silver Ø 20,5mm.
obv. Bust of Macrinus, laureate, long bearded, draped, right, surrounded by the legend; IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG rev. Fides, head right, standing front, holding standard in each hand, right foot on helmet PONTIF MAX TR P COS PP
Cohen 60 ; RIC 22A ; BMC 38 ; Sear 7345 S xf- |
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MACRINUS, 217-218 AD - CYRRHESTICA - AR Tetradrachm, Chyrrus
weight 12,24gr. ; silver 25mm.
obv. Draped and cuirassed bust of Macrinus right, surrounded by the legend; AV K M OΠЄ CЄ MAKPЄINOC CЄB rev. Eagle seen from front, wings spread, head right and wreath in beak, standing on filleted thyrsos, surrounded by the legend; ΔHMAPK EΞ YΠATO Δ
Only 3 examples noted by Prieur. Extremely rare.
The city of Cyrrhus in Syria was founded by Seleucus Nicator shortly after 300 BC, and was named after the Macedonian city of Cyrrhus. Its ruins are located in northern Syria, near the Turkish border about 70 km northwest of Aleppo and 24 km west of Killis, in Turkey. Cyrrhus was the capital of the extensive district of Cyrrhestica, between the plain of Antioch and Commagene. It was taken by the Armenian Empire in the 1st century BC, then became Roman when Pompey took Syria in 64 BC. By the 1st century AD, it had become a Roman administrative, military, and commercial center on the trade route between Antioch and the Euphrates River crossing at Zeugma, and minted its own coinage. It was the base of the Roman legion Legio X Fretensis. The Sassanid Persian Empire took it several times during the 3rd century. In the 6th century, the city was embellished and fortified by Byzantine Emperor Justinian. It was however taken by the Muslims in 637 and known at that time under the name of Qorosh and later by the Crusaders in the 11th century. Nur ad-Din Zangi recaptured it in 1150. Muslim travelers of the 13th and 14th century report it both as a large city and as largely in ruins.
cf. SNG.Copenhagen - ; cf. Bellinger page 48, no.121 ; Prieur 916 ; cf. Sear GIC.4946 RRR f/vf |
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MACRINUS, 217-218 AD - SYRIA, SELEUKIS & PIERIA - AR Tetradrachm, Laodikea ad Mare
weight 13,19gr. ; silver 26mm.
obv. Laureate head of Macrinus right, surrounded by the legend; AV K M OΠ CЄOV MAKPЄINOC C rev. Eagle standing facing, head and tail left, with wings spread, holding wreath in beak, star between legs, surrounded by the legend; ΔHMAPK EΞ YΠATOC Π Π
The site of Laodicea ad Mare (modern Latakia, Syria) in Phoenicia has been inhabited since the 2nd millennium BC. By the Phoenicians it was known as Ramitha. The Greeks called it Leuke Akte (″White Coast″). The city was refounded by Seleukos I Nicator (301-281 BC), who renamed it in honour of his mother Laodice. It was a major port for the Seleukid Kingdom. Pompey the Great created the new Roman province of Syria in 64 BC. The Romans modified the name to Laodicea ad Mare. In 193, Laodicea was sacked by the governor of Syria, Pescennius Niger, in his revolt against Septimius Severus. In 194, Septimius Severus reorganized Syria into five new provinces. One of these, Coele-Syria, including all of northern Syria, briefly had its capital in Laodicea before reverting to Antioch. Septimius sought to punish Antioch for having supported Pescennius Niger. Septimius Severus endowed Laodicea with four colonnaded streets, baths, a theater, a hippodrome, numerous sanctuaries and other public buildings in the city. The city was a key strategic seaport for Roman Syria.
BMC 392 ; SNG.Copenhagen 368 ; Bellinger 73 ; Prieur 1182 ; Sear GIC.2953 R vf- |
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MACRINUS, 217-218 AD - MESOPOTAMIA - AR Tetradrachm, Emesa
weight 12,87gr. ; silver 25mm.
obv. Laureate head of Macrinus right, surrounded by the legend; AVT K M OΠ CЄ MAKPЄINOC CЄB rev. Eagle standing facing, head and tail left, with wings spread, holding wreath in beak, letter H above left wing, between legs radiate and draped bust of Shamash left, surrounded by the legend; ΔHMAPK EΞ YΠATOC Π Π
The God Shamash was worshipped in Emesa. Originally this God was named Utu, later worshipped by the East Semitic Akkadian-speaking Assyrians and Babylonians as Shamash. It was the ancient Mesopotamian sun god, god of justice, morality, and truth, and the twin of the Mesopotamian goddess Inanna (Ishtar in the Assyrio-Babylonian language), the Queen of Heaven. His main temples were in the cities of Sippar and Larsa. He was believed to ride through the heavens in his sun chariot and see all things that happened in the day. He was the enforcer of divine justice and was thought to aid those in distress. According to Sumerian mythology, he helped protect Dumuzid when the galla demons tried to drag him to the Underworld and he appeared to the hero Ziusudra after the Great Flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, he helps Gilgamesh defeat the ogre Humbaba.
cf. SNG.Copenhagen 312 ; cf. Prieur 987-989 ; Sear GIC.- R Minor weakness. vf |
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ELAGABALUS, 218-222 - CILICIA, FLAVIOPOLIS - AE 24, year 146 (218-219 AD)
weight 8,41gr. ; bronze Ø 24mm. Struck in year 146 (= 218-219 AD) of the Era of Flaviopolis obv. Laurated head right M AVP ANTΩNЄINOC rev. Bust of Athena right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet FLAVIOΠOΛЄITΩN ЄT SMP
Flaviopolis used to be identified with the modern Kozan (Armenian Sis). But modern studies tells us that Flaviopolis is almost certainly identifiable with modern Kadirli on the river Savrun at the NE corner of the plain and ca. 160 km from Adana. Kozan (120 km NE of Adana) is out of the question since it has virtually no pre-Armenian remains and no trace of an ancient road thither from the ruins of Anazarbos (Anavarza) 35 km S. According to the Antonine Itinerary, however, Flaviopolis was the first city from Anazarbos on the road N to Kokossos (Göksun), and a stretch of this road, with milestones in situ, still exists. Also, ca. 5 km N of Anavarza, a Roman bridge spans the Savrun at Tozlu and a number of inscriptions were found there in 1949. Most scholars agree on the identification of Flaviopolis with Kadirli, for epigraphic evidence there proves the existence of a city whose magistrates were demiurgi. Flaviopolis was founded in A.D. 74 by Vespasian, as part of an imperial program for the urbanization of the Cilician Plain. Until then the rural hinterland, as well as the city of Anazarbos, was probably administered by the Tracondimotid dynasty from Hieropolis Castabala. Some mosaic floors, inscriptions, and building blocks have been found at Kadirli, and a 6th c. church has been excavated. Flaviopolis was bishopric of Cilicia Secunda in the Christian era.
BMC 9 ; SNG.Paris 2189 ; SNG.Levante- ; Ziegler- ; Waddington 4293 ; SNG.Leypold 2357 ; Sear GIC.3090 R Very attractive and rare coin with a dark green patina. good vf |
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JULIA SOAEMIAS, mother of Elagabalus - AR Denarius, Rome (220-222)
weight 3,11gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.
obv. Draped bust of Julia Soaemias, hair waved and turned up low at the back, right. around the text; IVLIA SOAEMIAS AVG rev. Venus, diademed, draped, standing left, holding apple in extended right hand and sceptre in left hand, star in right field, around the text; VENVS CAELESTIS
Cohen 14 ; RIC 243 ; BMC 55 ; Sear 7720 S vf-/vf |
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JULIA SOAEMIAS, mother of Elagabalus - AR Denarius, Rome (220)
weight 2,78gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Draped bust of Julia Soaemias, hair waved and turned up low at the back, right. around the text; IVLIA SOAEMIAS AVG rev. Venus, diademed, draped, seated left, holding apple in extended right hand and sceptre in left hand; at feet, child, around the text; VENVS CAELESTIS
Cohen 14 ; RIC 243 ; BMC 55 ; Sear 7720 S vf |
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SEVERUS ALEXANDER, 222-235 - AE Sestertius, Rome (232)
weight 20,77gr. ; bronze Ø 29mm.
obv. Laureate bust of Severus right, wearing cuirass and paludamentum, around the text; IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG rev. Mars, helmeted, walking right, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand, S - C across field, around the text; MARS VLTOR
Mars was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome. He was the son of Jupiter and Juno, and he was the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began the season for military campaigning and ended the season for farming.
Augustus created the cult of "Mars the Avenger" (Mars Ultor) to mark two occasions: his defeat of the assassins of Caesar at Philippi in 42 BC, and the negotiated return of the Roman battle standards that had been lost to the Parthians at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC. The god is depicted wearing a cuirass and helmet and standing in a "martial pose," leaning on a lance he holds in his right hand. He holds a shield in his left hand. The Temple of Mars Ultor, dedicated in 2 BC in the center of the Forum of Augustus, gave the god a new place of honor. The goddess Ultio, a divine personification of vengeance, had an altar and golden statue in his temple.
Cohen 163 ; RIC 635 ; BMC 841 ; Sear 7979 f/vf |
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SEVERUS ALEXANDER, 222-235 - AE Sestertius, Rome (229)
weight 23,88gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
obv. Laureate head of Severus right, light drapery on left shoulder, around the text; IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG rev. Severus Alexander, laureate and togate, standing in decorated quadriga right, holding reins with left hand and eagle-tipped sceptre in right hand, S - C in exergue, around the text; PM TR P VIII COS III PP
Cohen 377 ; RIC 495 ; BMC 575 ; Sear 7997 Very interesting reverse. Rare. vf-/vf |
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SEVERUS ALEXANDER, 222-235 - AE Sestertius, Rome (231)
weight 15,62gr. ; bronze Ø 29mm.
obv. Laureate head of Severus right, light drapery on left shoulder, around the text; IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG rev. Sol Invictus, radiate, head left, standing left, raising right hand and holding whip in left hand, S - C across field, around the text; PM TR P VIIII COS III PP
Cohen 390 ; RIC 500 ; BMC 625 ; cf. Sear 7999 vf- |
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SEVERUS ALEXANDER, 222-235 - PONTOS - AE 31 or hexassarion, Amasia, year 234 (= 234/235 AD)
weight 24,10gr. ; bronze Ø 34mm.
obv. Laureate bust of Severus Alexander right, wearing cuirass and paludamentum, seen from behind, around the text; AΥT K CЄOΥHΡOC AΛЄΞANΔΡOC rev. Altar of Zeus Stratius surmounted by eagle standing facing, wings spread, head to left; above, facing quadriga driven by Sol; to left of altar, tree, around the text; AΔΡ CЄΥ AΛЄΞ AMACIAC, MH Λ ΠΡ in exergue, ЄTC - ΛΔ across field
BMC- (cf. 40) ; Waddington Rec.gen.107 ; cf. SNG.Copenhagen IV, 118 ; cf. Lindgren collection II 17; RPC IV Online 6472 ; Sear GIC- (cf. 3275) R Attractive specimen with brown patina. Rare. vf |
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