LOT: 176 various unsorted world coins, mainly from the period 1900-1980.
Mainly in base metal, but also a few silver.
Various qualities. Sold as is. No returns.
SURPRISE LOT. NO PHOTOS AVAILABLE !

weight 12,75gr. ; silver Ø 24mm.
Phoenician (Sidonian) standard

obv. Melqart, holding reins and arched bow, riding hippocamp
right above waves; below, dolphin right
rev. Owl standing right, head facing; crook and flail in background

Melqart is usually shown as a bearded male divinity holding a bow and reins while riding a winged hippocamp (a mythological sea creature with the front half of a horse and the tail of a fish) over two rows of ocean waves. A dolphin is frequently depicted swimming underneath the creature to reinforce Tyre′s identity as a maritime power.

Melqart was the king of Tyre′s pantheon, and his name literally translates to "King of the City." Because he possessed attributes of both a protector god and a traveler, classical Greek writers heavily equated him with their own hero-deity, Heracles (or the Roman Hercules). In his guise as a sea god on these earlier silver coins, the imagery of him riding the hippocamp across the waves symbolized Tyre′s absolute dominance over maritime trade routes.

On 5th to 4th-century BC silver coins of Tyre, the owl symbolizes Athenian currency imitation and trade trust, while the crook and flail represent Egyptian royal authority and agricultural fertility adopted during Persian rule. The owl was adapted directly from the famous Athenian tetradrachm, used to signal trusted weight, high silver purity, and market acceptability.

Traditional ancient Egyptian symbols of divine kingship and rule are associated with Osiris. The Shepherd′s Crook (Heka) denotes the leader′s duty to guide and protect the populace. The Threshing Flail (Nekhakha) signifies the power to provide sustenance, agricultural fertility, and maintain order.

BMC 19 ; Babelon, Traité II, p. 619, 1004 (Pl.CXXII, 16) ;
SNG.Copenhagen 301 ; Mitchiner ATAEC 1290 ; Dewing 2760 ;
Elayi 2009, nos. 613-651 ; Babelon, Achemenide, 2001 (Pl.XXXV, 13)
Sear 5912 ; Winterthur- ; HGC 10, no. 315 ; McClean 9518 R
Struck on a broad flan. Very attractive and rare.
vf

weight 0,63gr. ; silver Ø 10mm.

obv. War-galley (Phoenician pentekonter) travelling left, 
propelled by row of oars ; shields along bulwarks, standard
at stern, beneath lines of zig-zag waves, above Phoenician
letter ″B″ and regnal year ″30″
rev. Persian king (?) standing right, wearing crenellated
crown and slaying lion standing left, O between them

The penteconter was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. In contrast to the ships of the Homeric poems, used to transport warriors to the battlefield, penteconters were designed to fight at sea. They had a heavy metal ram at the bow to pierce the hull of the enemy. Speed and maneuverability were key to their design. Naval historians reconstruct their design partly from written sources, from inscriptions, and from the visual arts. In present understanding, the fifty of the penteconter′s name refers to the number of oars on each side. They were arranged in two banks of twenty-five, one hundred oars in total. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favorable wind. Penteconters were longer than merchant ships. They had a deck for carrying armored warriors (hoplite). According to some contemporary calculations, penteconters are believed to have been between 28 and 33 m long, approximately 4 m wide, and capable of reaching a top speed of 9 knots (17 km/h).

BMC 36-44 ; SNG.Copenhagen 197-200 ; Mitchiner ATAEC 1280 ; 
Elayi 2004, no.851-1218 ; HGC 10, no.240 ; Betlyon 27 ;
McClean 9492 ; Winterthur 1077 ; Weber - ; Sear 5936
f/vf

weight 1,55gr. ; silver Ø 15mm.
reduced Rhodian Plinthophoric standard

obv. Laureate head of Hekate right, wearing kalathos
with crescent, above, EYME - NHC
rev. Nikè advancing right, holding wreath in right hand and palm
over left shoulder; C - T, P - A across field, all within shallow incuse

In the Hellenistic period Stratonikea had produced a large silver coinage of plinthophori. This coinage ended circa 88 BC and was replaced by much rarer silver, which was accompanied by a bronze coinage. In the early imperial period, Stratonikeia seems to have made only silver coins, all excessively rare. This drachme was probably minted during the reign of Augustus, with the shallow incuse fabric as was the case with the plinthophoric coinage and Lycean Leagae silver. Extremely rare.

The head of Hekate on the silver coins of Stratonikeia symbolizes her role as the supreme civic patron goddess and protector of the city-state, tied directly to her famous regional sanctuary at nearby Lagina. Unlike the rest of the Greek world where Hekate was viewed mainly as a private chthonic or underworld deity of crossroads and magic, at Stratonikeia she held a unique, state-sponsored status as protector (Soteira/Saviour) of the polis. Putting her head on the obverse of silver drachms advertised the city′s religious and political autonomy, uniting surrounding Carian territories under a shared civic identity.

The lunar crescent typically shown atop her head or brow highlights her celestial aspect and dominion over the night sky, earth, and sea, as inherited in her traditional Titanic lineage. The singular head or bust matches the local monumental sculptural style used inside her civic temple at Lagina.

BMC - ; SNG.Copenhagen - ;  McClean- ; Sear - ; Kayhan I - ;
SNG. von Aulock - ; HNO - ; Imhoof-Blumer 153, no. 7 ;
Winterthur 3531 (= specimen Imhoof-Blumer) ; RPC 2776 (1 specimen listed) ;
SNG.Keckman - ; Slg. Klein - ; Weber collection - ; SNG. Tübingen- RRRR
Attractive specimen with appealing toning. 
vf-/vf

weight 1,45gr. ; silver Ø 13mm.
Rhodian Plinthophoric standard

obv. Laureate head of Zeus right
rev. Eagle with spread wings standing right, deviding C - T,
above MENANAC, pedum in lower right field

The plinthophoric series runs from circa 190 BC to 84 BC, and represents a complete overhaul of the monetary system, in which the traditional Rhodian standard was abandoned in favor of a new standard based on a ′plinthophoric′ drachm of around 3 grams, which was more commensurate with other currencies of the time. Another innovation was the abandonment of all denominations higher than a drachm, and a proliferation of regular issues of hemidrachms and diobols. The reverse design was placed into a shallow incuse square, which is where the name of the series is derived (plinthos = brick or ingot). The exact reason for this major reorganization of Rhodian coinage is not known for certain, but the prevalent theory is that it was undertaken to conform to the changes extant under the terms of the Peace of Apameia in 188 BC. Whatever the reason, this change was enduring, with the series lasting nearly 100 years. The plinthophoric coinage came to an end during the First Mithridatic War.

Stratonikeia had a very famous regional devotion to Zeus as Zeus Panamaros (originally Zeus Karios) at the nearby sanctuary of Panamara, alongside the worship of Zeus Chrysaoreus.

About 10 km south of Stratonikeia at the hilltop the sanctuary of Panamara was located. Every year, citizens processed and carried the sacred statue of Zeus back and forth between the urban center of Stratonikeia and the sanctuary at Panamara. It′s most famous miracle occurred in 40/39 BC. A miraculous military intervention saved the citizens of Stratonikeia from an attack by Labienus and his Parthian troops. Zeus Panamaros was credited for this event.

Just outside the city at the temple of the Chrysaorian League, a political and religious confederation of Carian communities was located. Representatives from across Caria gathered at this site to vote and hold major religious ceremonies in Zeus′s honor.

The Sacred Eagle (Aetos Dios) served as Zeus′s personal messenger and companion, symbolizing keen vision, strength, and celestial dominion over the air.

On these 2nd to 1st century BC silver hemidrachms featuring the laureate head of Zeus on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse, the pedum (shepherd′s crook or lagobolon) typically appears as a minor control mark or secondary symbol in the field. The pedum is the classic tool used by herdsmen, symbolizing the domains of Hermes (the protector of flocks and travelers) or Pan (the rustic god of the wild and shepherds). It pointed to the pastoralism, livestock rearing, and rural agrarian economy of the Carian hinterlands that supported the civic center of Stratonikeia.

♦ An extremely rare helenistic historical coin ♦

BMC - ; SNG.Copenhagen - ;  McClean- ; Sear - (cf. 4931) ; 
SNG.Keckman - ; Slg. Klein - ; Weber collection - ; Kayhan I - ;
SNG. Tübingen- ; SNG. von Aulock - (cf. 8144) ; HNO.-   RRR
Attractive specimen with appealing toning. 
vf à vf+

weight 4,49gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.

obv. Head of the Rhodian Helios facing withing a border of beads
rev. Bust of Athena right, wearing crested helmet, 
AΛI KAPNAC behind, MOCXOC before

The appearance of a Helios head on the later silver and bronze coins of Knidos symbolizes the city′s shifting civic identity, regional Dorian religious ties, and commercial alliances. While Knidos is traditionally famed for featuring the head of Aphrodite and a roaring lion, later Hellenistic issues incorporated the sun god Helios to reflect broader political and cultural links within the Dorian hexapolis region.

Knidos was a prominent Dorian city. Displaying Helios, who held deep significance across Dorian communities in Caria and neighboring Rhodes, emphasized shared religious devotion and regional kinship. As a solar deity, Helios symbolized light, order, and vitality. Placing his radiate head on currency invoked divine favor, protection, and successful maritime trade for the city′s merchants.

Usually the Helios head is slightly facing to the right. Not on this specimen.
Here Helios is looking straight ahead. Very rare.

BMC 46var. ; SNG.Copenhagen- ; Pozzi collection- (cf. 2606-2607) ; 
SNG.Delepierre- ; Hunterian collection- ; Winterthur- ; SNG.Keckman- ; 
SNG.Tübingen ; SNG.Kayhan- ; McClean - ; cf. SNG.von Aulock 8088 RR
Somewhat crude strike, but nearly as struck.
xf/unc

weight 2,52gr. ; silver Ø 12,5mm.
Persic standard

obv. Diademed head of Artemis right, hair bound with stephane,
quiver at shoulder
rev. Tripod,  ΚΝΙΔΙΩΝ to right, APIΣTIAΔA to left

The tripod was the iconic three-legged seat used by the Pythia (the priestess of Apollo) at the Oracle of Delphi when delivering prophecies. Cities like Kroton in Magna Graecia placed the tripod on their silver staters as a civic badge to show that the community was founded under Apollo′s direct guidance. Tripods functioned as altars for burnt offerings and cauldrons for boiling sacrificial meat during panhellenic festivals. Monumental bronze tripods were frequently awarded as high-status prizes to victors in athletic and musical games. Dedicating a golden or bronze tripod to a sanctuary commemorated major military triumphs (such as the famous Serpent Column tripod dedicated after the Persian Wars).

Knidos was the cultural and geographic center of the Dorian Hexapolis, a regional alliance of six Dorian Greek cities. These cities gathered regularly at the Triopian Promontory (near Knidos) to celebrate a major festival and athletic games in honor of Triopian Apollo. The grand prize for victors in these games was a bronze tripod. According to sacred custom, the winner was not meant to keep the tripod but was required to dedicate it immediately to the Temple of Apollo at Knidos.

The tripod on the reverse of Knidian silver coins serves as a direct visual reference to this highly prestigious pan-regional festival and the city′s role as its custodian. On these specific silver coins, the tripod on the reverse is paired with the head of Artemis (Apollo′s twin sister) on the obverse. Artemis represents the hunt, wildlife, and civic protection, shown with her hair bound and a quiver at her shoulder. The tripod on the reverse seamlessly balances the design by introducing her twin brother Apollo′s primary religious attribute, combining the honors of both patron deities on a single coin.

Beside the tripod, Knidian silver features the ethnic inscription ΚΝΙΔΙΩΝ ("of the Knidians") and various changing names. These are the names of the local minting magistrates. Placing their names directly next to the tripod signified their civic and religious accountability over the city′s financial purity and sacred assets.

♦ A rare Helenistic historical coin ♦

BMC-  ; SNG.Tübingen- ; SNG.Copenhagen 275-276 ; McClean - ;
SNG.von Aulock 8110 ; SNG.Delepierre- ; Sear- (cf.4848) ;
SNG.Keckman - ; SNG.Kayhan- ; Weber collection - ; HNO.482 ;
SNG Ashmolean XI, 128 R
xf-

weight 2,22gr. ; silver Ø 11mm.
Milesian standard.

obv. Forepart of bull right
rev. Forepart of bull left within square incuse

We also know examples of this type with the inscriptions X, A and KIM, which probably refer to the mints of these coins. The X could refer to Khersonessos on the Loryma peninsula (Rhodian Khersonessos). This city also used a bull as a symbol, which we also see on its early coinage from the period 500-450 BC.  It is not inconceivable that the letter A refers to a mint in the vicinity of Khersonessos, on the Loryma peninsula. The A could then possibly refer to the city of Amos. Where the inscription KIM refers to is as yet unknown. In a slightly modified form we also see this coin type under Hekatomnos, with the text EKA. It is not possible to say with certainty whether these specimens were struck in Mylase or perhaps also in Khersonessos.

The Milesian standard of the city of Miletus was based on a stater of 14.2 g, which could be divided into six hectae of 2.4 g or four drachmae of 3.55 g. One drachma is devided in 6 obols of 0.59g.

SNG Keckman I, - (cf. 916) ; SNG Kayhan I, - (cf. 973)
cf. Troxell 1984, 12(B) ; SNG.Copenhagen - ; SNG.von Aulock- ;
HNO.- (cf. 972) RRR
Attractive toning. Extremely rare.
vf

weight 4,44gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Janiform female head, hair indicated by dots, wearing tainia,
earring and necklace
rev. Head of Athena left, wearing Corinthian helmet,
human eye left above, withinn square incuse

While isolated eyes appear frequently painted on ancient Greek ceramic drinking cups (like kylikes with large "eye-cup" designs to ward off evil while drinking) or carved on the bows of ships, they are rarely seen on Greek coins. The symbolic meaning of an isolated eye on ancient artifacts primarily relates to protection, watchfulness, and the Evil Eye Tradition (ophthalmòs báskanos), serving as an apotropaic device to deflect curses, jealousy, and malicious intent. However, a standalone, separate human eye is not a standard, recurring type on mainstream ancient Greek numismatic currency.

♦ Wonderful archaic style. Seems to be unpublished
with this human eye on the reverse. Extremely rare ♦

BMC- ; SNG.Copenhagen- (cf. 182) ; SNG.von Aulock- (cf. 7391) ;
Babelon, Traité- ; SNG.Delepierre- ; SNG.Tübingen- ; Sear- (cf. 3876)
SNG.Paris- (cf. 1121) ; Weber collection- ; McClean- RRR
vf/vf+

weight 3,69gr. ; silver Ø 15mm.
third type ″later classic type of fine style″

obv. Balding ithyphallic Satyr with short hair and a short beard,
in kneeling-running attitude right, carrying in his arms a nymph
who wears a long robe and puts her right arm around the satyr′s neck
rev. Rough quadripartite incuse square

Thasos was a major producer of silver from the mines it controlled on the mainland and struck an enormous number of silver coins as a way of exporting it. From the end of the 6th until the end of the 5th century her issues of staters bearing a satyr carrying off a nymph must have been struck in enormous numbers. They were apparently extremely popular to the north in the Balkans, where very large hoards of them have been found, as well as to the East and in Egypt (they have also turned up in Italy). The archaic and early classical staters are among the most abundant coins of those periods to survive, though really fine ones of good style are rare. However, the issues of the late 5th century, made in a fully developed classical style, reminiscent of the sculptures on the Parthenon and at Bassai, are not only far less common but are struck by dies engraved by a true master. The satyr is old and bearded, but is quite civilized looking, compared to his much rougher brothers on earlier coins. He very carefully holds a rather soignée nymph, wearing transparent drapery: her hair is of the latest fashion (see the nymphs on the hemidrachm coinage of Macedonian Neapolis for close parallels), and while her hands are spread in a pro forma protest, her legs are demurely crossed! This is an exceptional example; very rare in such condition.

♦ Masterpiece of exccelent style and with beautiful toning.
Very rare in this high state of preservation ♦

cf. NAC auction 124, Lot 99 (in vf/xf: SFR 3.500 + 23%)
cf. Walvis, auction 1, lot 40 (5 June 2026) (in xf : GBP 6.800 + 25%)

BMC 32-34 ; Weber collection - ; SNG.Copenhagen 1018 ;
Svoronos plate X, no.30 ; Sear 1748 ; McClean 4203 ;
Pozzi - ; Le Rider , Thasiennes 7 ; Jameson 1068 ;
Babelon, Traité p.712, 1130 (Pl.CCCXXII, 5) ; HGC 6, 335
xf

weight 3,15gr. ; Ø 15mm.

obv. Head of Nikè left, wearing earring and necklace, the hair
bound with broad diadem and tied with a fillet behind
rev. Zeus, naked,  in galloping biga right, hurling thunderbolt
in right hand, holding staff and reins in left, plough en I below,
in exergue the ethnic; BPETTIΩN

Minted during the Second Punic War, as ally of Hannibal.

The Bretii emerged as a separate ethnic entity in the middle of the fourth century and by the 280s BC controlled virtually all southern Italy south of the Laus-Thurium line; only Rhegion, Locri and Kroton held out. It is in this period of Brettian control that the mints of Consentia, Medma and Hipponium produced thein coinages. The Brettii joined Pyrrhus of Epirus and lost much land to Romeafter his defeat. During the Second Punic War the Brettii joined Hannibal after his victory at Cannae in 216 BC, and provided him in due course with his last base. They produced the whole of their ethnic coinage as his allies, before 203.

This variant with I below the horses seems to be unpublished
in the reference literature. Extremely rare as such.

BMC 103var. ; cf. SNG.Copenhagen 1689 ; cf. SNG.ANS.138 ;
cf. Scheu 128-129 ; HGC 1, 1372var. ; cf. Weber collection 975 ;
cf. McClean 1575 ; SNG.Tübingen - ; cf. SNG.München 1354 ;
cf. Historia Numorum, Italy 1997 RRR
vf

gewicht 1,56gr. ; zilver Ø 28mm.

vz. Borstbeeld van Sint Pieter met nimbus frontaal, het boek der
evangeliën in zijn rechterhand en sleutel in de linkerhand, binnen
een zespas, binnen een gekartelde cirkel, daaronder het schild met
het wapen van Arkel welke de cirkel en tekst doorbreekt, omringd
door de tekst; ✠ MONЄTA ⵓ SA ⸰  –  ⸰ NCTI ⵓ PЄTRI
kz. Kort drielijnig kruis met bladversieringen aan de uiteinden
binnen een gekartelde cirkel, omringd door de tekst;
✠ IOHANNЄS ⁑ ЄPS ⁑ LЄODIЄNSIS

Ten zuiden van de stad Maastricht, grenzend aan de Maas en het Jekerdal, bevindt zich een dorp Sint Pieter dat voorheen een vrije baanderij was. Dit gebied stond onder het gezag van de prins-bisschoppen van Luik en fungeerde als een zelfstandige Luikse enclave met eigen wetten, een eigen bestuur en een eigen schepenbank. Volgens de overlevering zou deze heerlijkheid een van de eerste bezittingen zijn van de Luikse Kerk. Zij was in de 7e eeuw het eigendom van Aper en Herislinde, wier zoon Lambertus in 672 tot bisschop van Maastricht zou worden gekozen. Na de dood van zijn ouders werden diens goederen bij de kerk van Maastricht gevoegd. Lambertus had nauwe banden met de familie van de Frankische hofmeier van Austrasië, Pepijn van Herstal, waaronder Pepijns eerste vrouw Plectrudis. Nadat Lambertus tijdelijk uit zijn ambt was ontzet door politieke tegenstanders, herstelde Pepijn van Herstal hem in 682 in zijn rechten als bisschop van Maastricht. Samen ontvingen en steunden zij vroege missionarissen zoals Willibrord om het geloof in de regio te verspreiden.

Op zeker moment ontstond er wrijving tussen Pepijns dienaar Dodo en bisschop Lambertus. Lambertus bekritiseerde namelijk herhaaldelijk Pepijns buitenechtelijke relatie met Alpaïs, de zuster van Pepijns dienaar Dodo. Daarnaast zou Dodo de goederen die hij de kerk had ontnomen weer terug moeten geven. Dit herhaaldelijk aandringen bij Pepijn maakte Lambertus een aartsvijand van Dodo. Op een zekere dag rond het jaar 705 werd Lambertus, die zich naar zijn kapel in de burcht Legia (later Luik) had begeven om aldaar te bidden, door aanhangers van Dodo vermoord. Zijn lijk werd in de Maas geworpen. Volgelingen van de bisschop wisten hem echter te bergen en begroeven hem in het dorp Sint Pieter.

Lambertus′ leerling Hubertus volgde hem op als bisschop van Maastricht. Maastricht en Tongeren waren in die tijd onveilig, daarom verplaatste hij de bisschoppelijke zetel van Maastricht naar Luik. Definitief zoals later zou blijken. Rond 718 werd Lambertus heilig verklaard en werden zijn gebeenten naar Luik verplaatst en aldaar herbegraven. Boven het graf van Lambertus werd de Sint-Lambertuskathedraal opgericht, die in 1794 werd verwoest. Hubertus overleed in 727 en werd in 743 heilig verklaard. Hubertus verkondigde het geloof in Brabant en de Ardennen, vandaar dat in het zuiden van Nederland en in heel België veel kerken naar hem zijn vernoemd. In sommige streken lijkt het soms wel alsof er maar twee heiligen zijn: Hubertus en Lambertus.

De hertog van Brabant verkreeg zeggenschap over Maastricht in 1204, toen de Duitse keizer de stad in leen gaf aan de hertog. Dit markeerde het begin van de unieke tweeherigheid, waarbij de stad bestuurd werd door zowel de hertog van Brabant als de bisschop van Luik. Dit leidde in datzelfde jaar tot een Luiks-Loonse strafexpeditie en verwoesting van de Maasbrug. Het was hertog Hendrik I die in 1229 de stad Maastricht toestemming geeft om een stenen stadsmuur te bouwen, inclusief de latere Helpoort. In het jaar 1284 werd de belangrijkste oorkonde, met betrekking tot de Maastrichtse tweeherigheid opgesteld: de ′Alde Caerte′. Deze overeenkomst werd gesloten tussen de Luikse bisschop Jan van Vlaanderen (1282-1291) en de Brabantse hertog Jan I (1267-1294). Vóór dit jaar bestond er grote onzekerheid over welke heer welke rechten bezat in de stad. De ′Alde Caerte′ hief deze onzekerheid op doordat zij in een aantal paragrafen de rechten van beiden naast elkaar zette. Deze overeenkomst werd ook numismatisch beklonken door de aanmunting van een gemeenschappelijk muntstuk; een denier of penning (zie: van der Chijs, Brabant & Limburg, Pl. III, no. 4).

Omdat Sint Pieter een zelfstandige Luikse ′vrijheid′ (baanderij) was met eigen wetten en rechtspraak, vluchtten criminelen of mensen die conflicten hadden met het Maastrichtse stadsbestuur vaak de grens over naar het dorp om aan vervolging te ontkomen. Het aangrenzende dorp Sint Pieter behoorde exclusief tot het Prinsbisdom Luik. In 1212 bouwde Hugo van Pierremont, bisschop van Luik, een bucht op zijn grondgebied van Sint Pieter. Er werd ook een gerechtshof gevestigd. De overeenkomst van de ′Alde Caerte′ schijnt niet erg lang in acht zijn genomen. Dit komt ook tot uitdrukking in de muntslag. Zo sloegen de hertogen van Brabant hun munten in het bestuurlijk centrum het Vroenhof te Maastricht, terwijl de bisschoppen van Luik dit deden in het nabij gelegen dorp Sint Pieter. Het bisschoppelijk muntatelier van Sint Pieter werd voor het eerst actief onder bisschop Engelbert van der Marck (1345-1363). Tussen 1295 en 1409 raakte het dorp Sint Pieter minstens acht keer direct betrokken bij gewapende conflicten tussen opstandige Luikenaren en de stad Maastricht. Sint Pieter koos hierin vrijwel altijd de kant van de prins-bisschop, tot grote ergernis van de Maastrichtenaren.

Jan van Arkel werd in 1314 geboren als zoon van Jan III van Arkel en zijn tweede echtgenote Kunigonda van Virneburg. Zoals gebruikelijk in die tijd voor jongere adelijke zonen koos ook Jan voor een geestelijke loopbaan. Na de dood van de Utrechtse bisschop Jan van Diest in 1340 kwam het niet direct tot een opvolging. De kapittels hadden Jan van Bronkhorst gekozen, de paus benoemde Nicolaas Capocci. Deze werd echter niet aanvaard door de kapittels en trok zich terug. De uiteindelijke benoeming van Jan van Arkel tot bisschop was te danken aan de invloed van graaf Willem IV van Holland. Jan manifesteerde zich als een sterk bestuurder en wist orde op zaken te stellen binnen het bisdom Utrecht (Het Sticht). Zijn regeerperiode aldaar (1342-1364) kenmerkt zich door een voortdurende en succesvolle strijd tegen het graafschap Holland, gesteund door de stad Utrecht. Aan het einde van zijn episcopaat stond Het Sticht er beter voor dan in tijden het geval was geweest.

In 1364 werd Jan van Arkel ″de prachtlievende″ door paus Urbanus V overgeplaatst naar Luik. Door de macht van de gilden kon hij daar zijn macht minder laten gelden dan in Utrecht, al wist hij in 1366 het graafschap Loon definitief bij het prinsbisdom in te lijven. Jan van Arkel hield van het luxe leven en zag zijn gebieden als wingewesten en verhoogde de belastingen, wat zorgde voor grote onvrede bij de bevolking. In 1373 dwongen de opstandige burgers dwongen de bisschop om een speciale rechtbank op te richten, met soeverein beslissingsrecht, het zgn. tribunaal XXII, om burgers te beschermen tegen oneerlijk handelen van de bisschoppelijke ambtenaren. De spanningen bleven echter groeien, waardoor Jan van Arkel in 1374 naar Maastricht moest uitwijken voor zijn opstandige onderdanen. Maastricht werd daarop in 1375 belegerd door de woedende Luikenaren, een beleg dat pas beëindigd werd na een oproep van paus Gregorius XI, waarna Jan weer kon terugkeren naar zijn residentie in Luik. We kennen van Jan van Arkel ook St. Pietersgroten waarbij St. Pieter de pauselijke tiara op zijn hoofd heeft i.p.v. de gebruikelijke nimbus om zijn hoofd (zie: Dengis 580). Wellicht werd deze uiterst zeldzame emissie geslagen nadat paus Gregorius XI hem in zijn gezag had hersteld, na het beleg van Maastricht in 1375, bij wijze van eerbetoon. Jan van Arkel overleed in 1378 op 63-jarige leeftijd in Luik. Hij werd begraven in de Domkerk te Utrecht. Hij liet twee kinderen na: Kunegonde, geboren in 1345, en Johan van Arkel, heer van Rijnestein (1350-1413). Onder bisschop Jan van Arkel (1364-1378) is het meest gemunt te Sint Pieter. Die muntslag vond plaats in de jaren 1373-1376, dus in de periode dat er een groot conflict was tussen de bisschop en zijn Luikse onderdanen en Jan de wijk had moeten nemen naar Maastricht. De beeldenaars van de munten zijn ontleend aan St. Pietersgroten en sterlingen die onder de Brabantse hertog Jan III te Leuven werden geslagen (zie: de Witte 357 en 358). Zo had met een vertrouwd munttype, dat tegelijk een verwijzing had naar de muntplaats Sint Pieter.

Het gewichten van deze Pietersgroten variëren sterk.
In de regel bewegen die zich tussen de 2,20 en 2,80 gram.
Dit stuk is met 1,56 gram dus opmerkelijk licht.

♦ historisch beschouwd een hoogst interessant en zeldzaam muntstuk ♦

de Chestret 258 ; Engen 55 ; Dengis 576 ; de Mey 487 ; 
van der Chijs (Leenen Brabant & Limburg), pl.XXXI, 6 ;
Vanhoudt G.946 ; RBN 1847, p. 65, no.3 ; Numista 308073 R
Minieme krasjes op de voorzijde, zwaktes van de slag,
en lichte sporen van oxidatie. 
fr/zfr

gewicht 1,88gr. ; koper Ø 16mm.
Schulman 708 ; LSch.592 ; KM.90 R
Zeldzaam jaartal.
fr/zfr à fr+

gewicht 1,87gr. ; koper Ø 16mm.
Schulman 707 ; LSch.591 ; KM.90
zfr

gewicht 9,28gr. ; zilver Ø 30mm.
muntmeester: Jean-Joseph Wouters
muntteken: engelkopje
medailleur: Théodoor van Berckel

vz. Klimmende Beligische leeuw staande naar rechts op ondergrond,
daaronder 17 engelkopje 90, omringd door de tekst;
MON•NOV•ARG•PROV•FOED•BELG•
kz. Twee ineengeslagen hand, uit wolken stekend, met op de achtergrond
een bundel van 11 pijlen, daaronder in de afsnede de waardeaanduiding
I • FLOR •, erboven de tekst IN VNIONE SALVS •

De Latijnse tekst in unione salus betekent; ″in de vereniging ligt het heil″. Het was het devies van Hendrik Karel Nicolaas van der Noot, een van de hoofdrolspelers van de Brabantse Omwenteling.

Al geruime tijd was er onvrede over het Oostenrijkse gezag die vanaf 1711 heersten over de Zuidelijke Nederlanden. In 1787 kwam dit tot uiting door het uitbreken van onlusten; te Namen, Antwerpen, Leuven, en nog andere plaatsen laaide de oproer hoog op.  De slag te Torhout, op 26 oktober van het jaar 1789, waarbij de Oostenrijkers het onderspit delfden, maakte een einde aan de Oostenrijkse tijd.  Voor de Belgische staten brak een nieuwe episode aan, en de Oostenrijkers keerden naar hun land terug.  De eerste vrije verkozenen (?) kwamen samen te Brussel, onder de oud bekende naam van ″Staten Generaal″.  Op 4 januari van 1790 werd een onafhankelijkheidsverklaring vrijgegeven.

Ongeveer terzelfdertijd ontstond een zeer grote behoefte aan ″volksgeld″, wat de Staten Generaal der Belgische Staten er deed toe besluiten een aantal koperen munten te slaan; de oord en de dubbele oord. Deze reeks werd op 23 augustus 1790 verder uitgebreid; de Zilveren Leeuw van 3,5 gulden; de halve Zilveren Leeuw (werd niet geslagen); de gulden, de halve gulden, het vijfstuiverstuk  niet geslagen), het tienstuiverstuk (niet geslagen). De wet voorzag niet in het aanmunten van goudstukken, niettemin werd ook de Gouden Leeuw aangemunt in een kleine oplage van 3.905 stuks.

De munten van de Verenigde Belgische Staten, in navolging van de Brabantse omwenteling in 1789, werden vervaardigd door de medailleur van Theodoor van Berckel ;

Theodoor van Berckel, Rooms-katholiek en geboren in de Noordelijke hoofdstad van het oude Brabant, ’s Hertogenbosch, bracht het tot graveur-generaal van de Munt in die andere hoofdstad van Brabant: Brussel. Hij legde een verbinding tussen de Brabanden en bleef ze allebei trouw. Toen de Oostenrijkers tijdens de revolutie, die de geschiedenis is ingegaan als de Brabantse Omwenteling, tijdelijk hun macht kwijtraakten, ontwierp Van Berckel de munten voor het nieuwe bewind. Op deze munten staat de Brabantse Leeuw fierder dan ooit. Deze leeuw is later vaak geïmiteerd maar nooit meer geëvenaard. Hij staat symbool voor het werk van de Brabander Theodoor van Berckel.

Van dit munttype werden slechts 52.250 stuks aangemunt. Schaars.

Delmonte 395b ; de Witte 1157 ; Vanhoudt 867 ; KM.48 S
Minieme justeersporen. Attractief patina.
zfr

gewicht 25,06gr. ; zilver 720/1000 ; Ø 28mm.
randschrift: positie A

Van de oplage van 200.00 stuks werden al spoedig weer 60.000 stuks omgesmolten.

KM. 46 ; Schulman 1330 ; Scholten 1395 ; Passon 63.5
zeer minieme contactspoortjes / very minor bagmarks
unc

gewicht 3,14gr. ; zilver Ø 26mm.
muntteken roos

vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar rechts,
omringd door de tekst; PHILIPPVS•D:G•HISP•REX•C•HOL❀
kz. Gekroond vuurijzer met afspattende vonken geplaatst in het hart
van het Bourgondische stokkenkruis met daaronder het Lam Gods
(kleinood van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies), omringd door de tekst;
•DOMINVS•MIHI•ADIVTOR•❀•

Dominus Mihi Adiutor; ″de Heer is mijn helper″
was de lijfspreuk van de streng (katholiek) gelovige Philips II.

Dominus Mihi Adiutor; ″the Lord is my helper″
was the motto of the firm  (catholic) believer Philips II.

van Gelder & Hoc 213-11a ; van der Chijs XXXII, 38 ;
Vanhoudt 273.DO R
Kleine zwaktes van de slag en diverse krasjes. Zeldzaam.
zfr-/zfr

weight 28,98gr. ; orichalcum Ø 33mm.

obv. Draped and laureate bust of Trajanus right, surrounded by the legend;
IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P
rev. Naked jupiter standing left, holding scepter and a thunderbolt over
the head of a small figure of Trajanus, who is standing left in toga with
laurelbranch and scepter, surrounded by the legend;
CONSERVATORI PATRIS PATRIAE,  S C in exergue.

The usual legend applical to Jupiter is IOVI CONSERVATORI (Devine Providence). Not in this case. On this coin we see Jupiter standing to the left, a large cloak pendent from his shoulders; his right hand extended holds one side of the cloak spread out as a protection to the emperor, who is robed and stands on the right side of Jupiter, and holds up his right hand as if addressing some persons, or in token of thanks for protection afforded. Jupiter is frequently introduced on coins of the emperors, but only on the coins of this emperor in this peculiar character of conservator or preserver of the father of his country; ″Conservatori Patris Patriae″.

Cohen 49 ; RIC 643 ; BMC page 217 R
Highly interesting and rare coin with an exception 
fine-detailled portrait of Trajanus. Very rare this nice.
xf-

weight 23,79gr. ; orichalcum Ø 33mm.

obv. Laureate head of Galba right,
around the tekst; IMP SER GALBA CAES AVG TR P
rev. Concordia, draped, seated left on throne, holding olive-branch
in right hand and sceptre in left, around the tekst; CONCORD AVG,
S - C across lower field

♦ An impressive portrait of the old senator and general Galba ♦

Cohen 22 ; RIC 341 ; BMC 58 ; Sear - (cf. 2115) R
Planchet fault on the obverse. Good portrait. Rare.
vf

weight 070gr. ; silver Ø 22mm.

obv. Crowned bust facing, holding tower in each hand;
small circels flanking.
rev. Incusum of the obverse

Ludwig (Louis) II was born on 13 April 1229, a son of Otto II of Bavaria and Agnes of the Palatine; he was the great-grandson of Henry the Lion of Saxony. In 1246, he supported his brother Conrad IV of Germany against Henry Raspe′s usurpation. In 1253, he succeeded his father, Otto II, to become Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine. In 1255 he divided the Wittelsbach lands with his brother, Henry XIII. Louis retained Upper Bavaria and the Palatinate, while Henry received Lower Bavaria.

Louis II, Duke of Bavaria, contracted his first marriage to Maria of Brabant, daughter of the late Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and his wife Marie of Swabia, on 2 August 1254 in Landshut. Maria, born around 1226, was approximately three years older than Louis, who had ascended as duke the previous year following the death of his father, Otto II. The union produced no children during its brief duration. His first marriage ended in tragedy. On 18 January 1256, Louis II ordered the beheading of his wife, Maria of Brabant, at Castle Mangoldstein in Donauwörth, Bavaria, on suspicion of adultery with a knight. The accusation stemmed from Louis′s interpretation of a letter Maria had written, which he believed indicated infidelity during his absence on state affairs; two of her ladies-in-waiting were also executed alongside her. Maria, aged approximately 30, was buried in the Church of the Cross in Donauwörth. To atone for the act, he founded the Fürstenfeld Abbey.

Louis and his brother Henry XIII of Bavaria repelled Ottokar II of Bavaria′s 1257 invasion, and he was banned by the pope in 1266 for supporting Conradin and the House of Hohenstaufen. In 1268, he inherited some of Conradin′s possessions in Swabia after he was executed by Charles of Anjou, and he supported Rudolf I of Germany′s election. On 26 August 1278, he assisted Rudolf at the Battle on the Marchfeld, where Ottokar was killed. Louis died in 1294, and Rudolf I of Bavaria succeeded him. His other son Louis would become Louis IV of Germany in 1313.

Steinhilber 146; Gebhart 33; Berger 2683;
Slg. de Wit 2432 ; Numista  108745
attractive specimen with appealing toning
vf/xf

weight 0,51gr.; silver Ø 17mm.

obv. Hand bearing the initial D
rev. Cross

This Heller was minted at the Dillingen mint under Bishop Burkard von Ellerbach of Augsburg, who held the office from 1373 until his death in 1404. As is typical for this denomination, the obverse features an open palm within a quadratum incusum, bearing the initial D, the reverse depicts a split cross with dots within a quadratum incusum.  

This coin belongs to the group of denarii originally minted in the imperial mint of Schäbisch Hall in the late 12th century, and are significantly lighter than ancient denarii. These silver penny coins from Hall are also called Haller Pfennige, Hallenses, Häller, Haller, or Heller. These coins, with their characteristic palm print, were eventually minted with imperial permission in other mints such as Nuremberg, Ulm, Frankfurt, and Speyer. Due to the coin′s design, this denomination was also called Händeleinheller or Händelheller. Initially, they were minted with an inscription, but from the mid-13th century onward, they became "silent," meaning they bore no inscription. Nevertheless, some coins feature identifying marks on the palm print for their respective mints: N for Nuremberg, S for Schongau, T for Tettnang, V for Ulm, a cross shield for the Constance mint, a shield with a bar for Rottenburg, a hunting horn for Urach, or a D for Dillingen, as on this piece.

These coins were therefore minted in Dillingen, which belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg. Coins minted in the episcopal mints of Augsburg or its territory are also called bishop′s coins. Augsburg, originally founded by the Romans as the military camp Augusta Vindelicum, was probably a bishopric from late antiquity onward. In 955, the Battle of Lechfeld took place outside the city after Hungarian troops besieged Augsburg. Bishop Ulrich of Dillingen had successfully defended the city up to that point, allowing King Otto I to liberate Augsburg through his victory at the Battle of Lechfeld. Because of Ulrich′s service in the defense of Augsburg, King Otto I granted the Bishop of Augsburg the right to mint coins in 955.

Sammlung Bonhoff 1926 ; Steinhilber 149 ; Numista 107228
vf

weight 0,46. ; silver 21mm.

obv. The Lamb of God, walking to the left, its head is turned back,
and a crozier is shown behind it, within thick circle surrounded by
a border of crosses and squares
rev. Incusum of obverse

In the Middle Ages, not only the king exercised the right to mint coins, but he also granted this privilege to religious institutions. For example, the Abbey of St. Gallen on Lake Constance circulated bracteates, thin, single-sided pennies (from the Latin ″bractea″, meaning thin sheet metal). The Lamb of God was already depicted on St. Gallen half-bracteates and remained a popular motif until the 14th century.

Slg. Ulmer 43 ; HMZ 1 - 469 ; Cahn 155 ; Numista 130952 ;
Ulrich Klein & Rainer Ulmer (2001): Concordantiae Constantienses (CC)
tabellarischer Katalog der Bodensee-Brakteaten. Stuttgart, Nr. 70
very attractive specimen
vf+

weight 3,44gr. ; gold Ø 21,5mm.

obv. Saint John with cross tipped sceptre, his right hand in a blessing
position, cross below, within plain and dotted circle, surrounded by
the legend; IOhIS ARЄ - PVS MAGVT′
rev. Five arms within double lined quatrefoil, rosettes and dots at the
connection points of the arches, in circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ MONЄTA OPIDI•INhOIЄSTЄN

Höchst (formerly Höchst am Main) nowadays is a part of Frankfurt am Main, in Hessen. Höchst is first mentioned in 790 as Hostat (meaning high site or high place). The village developed in the West the Justinuschurch on both sides of the old main street. It belonged to electoral Mainz, the territory of the Archbishop of Mainz. The wheel of Mainz in the coat of arms of the district reminds us. On 11 February 1355 the village Hoisten received its town privileges by emperor Charles IV. In a charter dated 12 January 1356 Charles IV gave additional privileges to Höchst including the right to hold markets every Tuesday. In the middle-age city part, most of the timber framed houses stem from the period after the major fire in 1586.

Felke 631 ; Stadtarchiv Mainz 188-V-8 ; Friedberg 1617 R
Attractive specimen with good details. Rare.
vf/xf à xf-

weight 0,42gr. ; silver Ø 16mm.

obv. Shields of the Burgraviate of Nuremberg and Zollern
connected by a buckle strap, below N, within a broad rim.
rev. Blanc

Franconia (German: Franken) is a region in Germany which name comes from the dative plural form of Franke, a member of the Germanic tribe known as the Franks. It is constituted by the three administrative regions of Lower, Middle, and Upper Franconia (largest cities: Nuremberg, Würzburg, and Bamberg, respectively). The landscape is characterized by numerous Mittelgebirge ranges of the German Central Uplands. The two largest cities of Franconia are Nuremberg and Würzburg. Though located on the southeastern periphery of the area, the Nuremberg metropolitan area is often identified as the economic and cultural centre of Franconia. Further cities in Bavarian Franconia include Fürth, Erlangen, Bayreuth, Bamberg, Aschaffenburg, Schweinfurt, Hof, Coburg, Ansbach and Schwabach.

Struck, following the monetary union between the two
margraves and the city of Nuremberg in August 1457.

cf. Saurma-Jeltsch 1220 (Pl.XVIII, 533)
vf-

weight 0,79gr. ; silver Ø 14,5mm.

obv. Margrave standing with outstretched arms,
two eagle shields on either side
rev. Shield with Brandenburg eagle with head turned left,
surrounded by O - • T • - • O •

Hans-Dieter Dannenberg considered this piece to be a commemorative
coin for Otto VII († 1298) or Otto V, "the Tall" († 1298).

Dannenberg 130 ; Bahrfeldt 195
attractive for the type
vf

weight 2,77gr. ; silver Ø 21mm.

obv. Queen Zabel standing on left and king Hetoum standing
on right, both crowned, holding a long cross between them, 
dot in right field, surrounded by the Armenian legend ;
✤ԿԱՐՈՂՈԻԹ ԻՆՆ ԱՅ
translation: by the will of God.
rev. Lion walking to right with lifted right paw, crossscepter above,
4 dots in lower field, within dotted circle, surrounded by the
Armenian legend; ՀԵԹՈԻՄ ԹԱԳԱԻՈՐ ՀԱՅ
translation: Hetoum king of the Armenians.

Hetoum I was the visionary King of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1226–1270) and founder of the Hetoumid dynasty. Facing severe threats from Seljuk, Ayyubid, and Mamluk forces, he secured the kingdom′s survival by establishing a strategic, protective alliance with the Mongol Empire. Born around 1215, Hetoum was the son of Constantine, Lord of Baberon and Princess Alix of Lambron. He ascended to the throne in 1226 after being forced to marry Queen Zabel (Isabella). This marriage united the rival factions of the kingdom and established the Hetoumid dynasty.

Queen Zabel (Isabella) of Armenia (1216–1252) was born to King Levon I (the Magnificent) and Sibylla of Cyprus, Zabel became the sole heir to the throne. Following her father′s death in 1219, she was proclaimed Queen. Due to her young age, the kingdom was initially governed by a regency under Constantine of Baberon. To forge regional alliances against neighboring threats, her regents arranged a marriage for Zabel in 1222 to Philip of Antioch. Philip′s attempts to enforce Latin customs and his disregard for Armenian traditions caused outrage, leading to his imprisonment and death by poison in 1225. In 1226, Zabel was married to Hetoum I of the powerful Hetoumid family. Hetoum was crowned co-ruler, and together they successfully unified the kingdom. Their combined rule marked a golden era for Cilician Armenia.

Surrounded by hostile Muslim sultanates, Hetoum initiated a pragmatic foreign policy focused on allying with the rising Mongol Empire. Hetoum undertook a grueling overland expedition to the Mongol capital of Karakorum. There, he successfully negotiated a treaty directly with Möngke Khan, securing protected vassal status, tax exemptions, and military support for Armenian territories. His alliance with the Mongols allowed Armenian troops to fight alongside Mongol forces during the sieges of Baghdad (1258) and Aleppo (1260.

Despite the constant regional warfare, Hetoum′s reign was an era of profound cultural and economic advancement. His policies turned the Armenian port of Ayas into a vital international trading hub, famously facilitating the travels of Marco Polo. The arts, particularly illuminated manuscripts and architecture, flourished under his reign, with the royal court acting as an influential political and cultural center in the Near East.

Following the decline of Mongol dominance in the region, Cilician Armenia became heavily targeted by the Mamluks. The kingdom suffered invasions in 1266, during which Hetoum′s son, the future Levon II, was taken hostage. Hetoum was forced to concede several border territories to secure his release. Weary of war, Hetoum abdicated in 1270 in favor of his son Levon. He spent his final months living as a monk and passed away on 28 October 1270.

variant: dot on cross, one dot in obverse field, four dots
in reverse field. This variant is very rare.

Nercessian 339var. ; Bedoukian 949var. ; cf. Numista 45836  RR
very attractive specimen with fine details
vf/xf à xf-