LOT: 176 various unsorted world coins, mainly from the period 1900-1980.
Mainly in base metal, but also a few silver.
Various qualities. Sold as is. No returns.
SURPRISE LOT. NO PHOTOS AVAILABLE !

weight 4,94gr. ; bronze Ø 15mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus facing right, ΣЄBAΣTOΣ behind
rev. Zeus Laodikeius standing, left, holding eagle and staff; to left,
wreath enclosing Ζ and flanked by Ν and Ω, behind the legend;
ΛΑΟΔΙΚΕΩΝ ΣΩΣΘΕΝΗΣ

Laodicea on the Lycum (also Laodikeia ad Lykos) is situated on the long spur of a hill between the narrow valleys of the small rivers Asopus and Caprus, which discharge their waters into the Lycus. The town was originally called Diospolis, "City of Zeus", and afterwards Rhodas. Laodicea, the building of which is ascribed to Antiochus II Theos in 261-253 BC in honor of his wife Laodice, was probably founded on the site of the older town. At first, Laodicea was not a place of much importance, but it soon acquired a high degree of prosperity. In 220 BC, Achaeus was its king. In 188 BC, the city passed to the Kingdom of Pergamon, and after 133 BC it fell under Roman control. It suffered greatly during the Mithridatic Wars but quickly recovered under the dominion of Rome.

Towards the end of the Roman Republic and under the first emperors, Laodicea, benefiting from its advantageous position on a trade route, became one of the most important and flourishing commercial cities of Asia Minor, in which large money transactions and an extensive trade in black wool were carried on. The area often suffered from earthquakes, especially from the great shock that occurred in the reign of Nero (60 AD) in which the town was completely destroyed. But the inhabitants declined imperial assistance to rebuild the city and restored it from their own means.  The wealth of its inhabitants created among them a taste for the arts of the Greeks, as is manifest from its ruins, and that it contributed to the advancement of science and literature is attested by the names of the sceptics Antiochus and Theiodas, the successors of Aenesidemus and by the existence of a great medical school. Its wealthy citizens embellished Laodicea with beautiful monuments. One of the chief of these citizens, Polemon, became King of Armenian Pontus (called after him "Polemoniacus") and of the coast round Trebizond. The city minted its own coins, the inscriptions of which show evidence of the worship of Zeus, Æsculapius, Apollo, and the emperors. It received from Rome the title of free city. During the Roman period, Laodicea was the chief city of a Roman conventus, which comprised twenty-four cities besides itself; Cicero records holding assizes there ca. 50 BC.

Antiochus the Great transported 2.000 Jewish families to Phrygia from Babylonia. Many of Laodicea′s inhabitants were Jews, and Cicero records that Flaccus confiscated the considerable sum of 9 kilograms of gold which was being sent annually to Jerusalem for the Temple. With its large Jewish community, very early Laodicea became a seat of Christianity and a bishopric. The Epistle to the Colossians mentions Laodicea as one of the communities of concern for Paul the Apostle. The martyrdom of Lulianos and Paphos is believed to have happened here. The Byzantine writers often mention Laodicea, especially in the time of the Comneni. In 1119, Emperor John the Beautiful and his lead military aid John Axuch captured Laodicea from the Seljuk Turks in the first major military victory of his reign. It was fortified by the emperor Manuel I Comnenus.  In 1206–1230, it was ruled by Manuel Maurozomes. The city was destroyed during the invasions of the Turks and Mongols.

BMC 147 ; SNG.Copenhagen 553 ; SNG.München 375 ; AMC 1409-1410 ;
Lindgren collection 989 ; SNG. von Aulock 3834 ; RPC.2896 ; Sear GIC - R
Attractive dark patina. Rare.
vf-/vf

weight 5,70gr. ; bronze Ø 17mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, surrounded by the legend;
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΩΝ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ
rev. Athena Itonia standing right, brandishing spear and shield,
monogram in right field, surrounded by the legend;
ΜΕΓΑΛΟΚΛΗΣ ΣΩΣΑΝΔΡΟΥ

The Thessalian league was a loose confederation of Thessalian city states. After the Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC), which ended with the defeat of Philip V of Macedon in the battle of Cynoscephalae (196 BC) the victorious Roman general T. Quinctius Flamininus declared all of Greece ″free″. Consequently, he reorganized the Thessalian league, creating a federal council, the synedrion, and annually changing officers, strategoi. The seat of the league was in the largest Thessalian city, Larissa, and it continued to exist even after Thessaly became part of the new Roman province of Macedonia in 146 BC. A number of new autonomos coinages were initiated, most likely minted in Larissa.

BMC 176-177 ; SNG.Evelpidis 1671; McClean 4992 ;
Burrer Em 1b, p. 110–3, 38–58 ; RPC.1426 R
Attractive specimen with dark patina. Rare.
f/vf

weight 3,87gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Laureate head of Augustus right, AVGVSTVS behind, DIVI•F before
rev. Augustus and Agrippa seated left on bisellium on daïs, ornamented
with three rostra (prows), apparitor′s staff left, surrounded by the legend;
C•SVLPICIVS PLATORIN

In 13 BC Agrippa, Augustus′ lifelong friend and colleague, received the rostral crown. The three prows which decorate the platform refer to the Battle of Naulochus. This naval battle was fought on 3 september 36 BC between the fleets of Sextus Pompeius and Marcus Vipsianus Agrippa. The victory went to Agrippa, admiral of Octavianus. Agrippa died a year later after this issue at Campania (12 BC).

In 13 BC, Augustus returned to Rome from a lengthy tour of the western provinces, just as Agrippa returned from the East. All conditions had been readied to present to the Roman people the establishment of Agrippa as the new partner of Augustus′ labours after a multi-year build up, culminating in the Ara Pacis ceremony at which Agrippa co-presided. However, to those watching the political slogans and headlines of the Roman mint, the Ara Pacis ceremony and Agrippa′s prominent role therein did not bring news, for the coinage of 13 boldly proclaims Agrippa as if he were second princeps by advertizing his enhanced status and by highlighting his accomplishments beyond the level ever provided for any of Augustus′ other colleagues, including his eventual successor, Tiberius (whose own enhancement of powers after AD 4 was modeled upon the precedent of Agrippa).

The coinage of 13 BC represents a break from the recent general pattern in that it broke up Augustus′ quasi-regal domination of the mint, and it sent out two simultaneous and compatible messages. Firstly, and more specifically, the imagery informed the Roman public as do newspaper headlines today of the elevation of Agrippa as Augustus′ legal equal, showing that Rome was no monarchy. The Roman mint alternated between standard issues for certain messages and new images for others, including escalation of the status of Agrippa.

The year 13 provided several occasions to raise the status of Agrippa, a novus homo. Agrippa was offered a third triumph, which he again refused. He received a new priesthood(s). His tribunician power was renewed for five years, as was that of Augustus. And at the Ara Pacis ceremony, Agrippa shared equal credit for pacifying the Empire in a ceremony that may have included closing the Gates of Janus. Much of this information comes to us not just from textual evidence, but also the archeological record. The coinage of 13 informs us of the regime′s official statements and the Ara Pacis itself shows the veiled Augustus at the head of the Pontifical College and the veiled Agrippa completing the Pontifical College and starting the imperial family as a demonstration of his integral role in the state, although tragically his life would end before the Ara Pacis was completed, leaving it to be a monument of a vision of the future Augustus was never able to achieve.

The gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at ancient Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, in 500 BC, only nine years after the expulsion of the Tarquins, and the last of the name who appears on the consular list was Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus in AD 158. Although originally patrician, the family also possessed plebeian members, some of whom may have been descended from freedmen of the gens. Caius Sulpicius Platorinus was triumvir monetalis of 12 BC.

An important feature of the Augustan political program was to give the impression that while Augustus had assumed full power over the Roman state, the Republic still lived on. This illusion was important to avoid the fate suffered by Julius Caesar when he brazenly took up the trappings of kingship. As a means of propping up the Republican image, Augustus resurrected old Roman religious traditions and magistracies that had fallen into disuse during the civil wars of the first century BC. This denarius firmly belongs to the Augustan Republican illusion through several notable features. Whereas earlier denarii had emphasised the emperor′s unique qualities and powers by depicting him wearing the corona civica granted to him by the Senate in 27 BC, here the portrait of Augustus is shown bare headed in conformity with old Republican custom, as if to emphasise his disingenuous claim to be merely primus inter pares, "first among equals." Likewise, the reverse illustrates Augustus′ revival of the Republican office of moneyer. The surrounding legend names C. Sulpicius Platorinus as the moneyer responsible for the issue. However, at the same time that the coin is imbued with these pseudo-Republican qualities, the reverse type is decidedly monarchical in character. It depicts Augustus and Marcus Agrippa seated side by side to illustrate their equal status and mark out the latter as the intended heir of Augustus. Under the constitutional settlement of 23 BC, Augustus had established Agrippa as his intended heir, granting him proconsular imperium in imperial provinces and arranging a marriage to Augustus′ daughter Julia the Elder. In 18 BC, a few years before this coin was struck, Agrippa′s powers were made virtually equivalent to those of Augustus by a grant of tribunicia potestas and imperium in all provinces of the empire. Unfortunately, despite all of this, Agrippa died in 12 BC, the year after this coin was issued, thereby frustrating all of Augustus′ carefully devised plans for a smooth succession and forcing him to seek new suitable heirs.

♦ Wonderful portrait of Augustus of the best classical style ♦

cf. NAC 143 no. 481 in good xf  (SFR 14.000 + 22,5%)

Cohen 529 ; RIC 407 ; BMC 115 ; Sear 1599 R
Wonderful lustrous example of this rare coin type.
xf

weight 10,63gr. ; bronze Ø 26mm.

obv. Laurated head of Tiberius facing left, surrounded by
the legend; TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVST IMP•VIII•
rev. Winged caduceus between S - C, surrounded by the legend:
PONTIF MAXIM TRIBVN POTEST XXXIIX

On coins the caduceus (kerykeion)is usually depicted as a symbol of Mercury
or Felicitas and symbolises commerce, peace and prosperity.

Cohen 23 ; RIC 65. ; BMC 138 ; cf. Sear 1771 R
Attractive specimen with dark patina. Rare.
vf/vf+

weight 6,32gr. ; bronze Ø 18mm.

obv. Laurated head right  TI KΛAYΔOC KAICAP CEBACTOC
rev. Apollo standing right, holding tainia and laurel-branch
AIΓAEΩN EPI AΠOΛΛOΔΩPOY ΠOYIOY XAΛEOY TO B

Magistrate Apollodoros, probably Apollodoros,
son of Poplius, also known as Chaleos.

Initially the city of Aegae (Greek: Aigai) was a possession of the Lydian Empire and later the Achaemenid Empire when it conquered the former. In the early third century BC it became part of the Kingdom of Pergamon. Aigai had its brightest period under the Attalid dynasty, which ruled from nearby Pergamon in the 3rd and 2nd century BC. It changed hands from Pergamon to the Seleucid Empire, but was recaptured by Attalus I of Pergamon in 218 BC. In the war between Bithynia and Pergamon, it was destroyed by Prusias II of Bithynia in 156 BC. After a peace was brokered by the Romans, the city was compensated with hundred talents. Under the rule of Pergamon a market building and a temple to Apollo were constructed.

In 129 BC the Kingdom of Pergamon became part of the Roman Empire. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 17 AD and received aid for reconstruction from emperor Tiberius. Aegae is mentioned by both Herodotus and Strabo as being a member of the Aeolian dodecapolis. It was also an important sanctuary of Apollo. Within Christianity Aegae was important enough in the Roman province of Asia Prima to become one of the many suffragans of its capital Ephesus′ Metropolitan Archbishopric; but it was to fade. The remains of the city are located near the modern village of Yuntdağı Köseler in Manisa Province, Turkey. The archaeological site is situated at a rather high altitude almost on top of Mount Gün (Dağı), part of the mountain chain of Yunt (Dağları).

BMC- ; SNG.von Aulock 7672 ; SNG.Copenhagen 22 ; RPC.2429 R
f/vg

weight 3,91gr. ; copper Ø 18mm.

obv. Laurated head right TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS
rev. Altar of the cult of Roma and Augustus at Lugdunum, flanked by two
columns, each surmounted by statue of Victory,   ROM ET AVG below

The Ara trium Galliarum, or ′Altar of the three Gallic provinces′, was a Roman sanctuary near Lugdunum (today Lyon in France). Therefor it is better known as the Altar of Lugdunum. The altar was consecrated to the goddess Roma and Augustus. In the 2nd decade of the 1st century BC, Drusus built the ritual place as part of the preparation for his offensive in Germania. Once a year on August 1 the Concilium provinciae, the province council of the Gallic provinces, met at that place. The main function of the council was to sacrifice to the Roman Emperor (see imperial cult), elect a priest of Rome and Augustus for the coming year, and arrange public games. In this way, the Gallic tribes demonstrated their allegiance to Rome.

Cohen 38 ; RIC 246 ; BMC 588 ; Sear 1757 S
Scarce coin type. Dark patina.
f

weight 9,55gr. ; copper Ø 27mm.

obv. Head of Agrippa left, wearing rostral crown, surrounded
by the legend;  M•AGRIPPA•L•F•COS•III
rev. Neptune standing left, holding small dolphin and trident, deviding large S - C

Agrippa was the son-in-law of Augustus and the grandfather of Caligula

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was one of the most powerful and influential men who lived during the early days of the Roman Empire. Agrippa was a statesman, general, and most important of all, a close friend and son-in-law of Augustus, the first Emperor of Rome. Agrippa aided Augustus greatly in his rise to power, and continued play an important role during the latter′s reign. In addition to the numerous victories that he won as Augustus′ general, Agrippa also initiated a number of building projects which contributed to the beauty and grandeur of Rome.

In Rome Neptune had only one temple. It stood near the Circus Flaminius, the Roman racetrack, in the southern part of the Campus Martius. It already existed in 206 BC. It appears on a coin struck by Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus around 40 BC doubtless because of a restoration carried out by this personage. It contained a famous sculpture of a marine group by Scopas Minor. The Basilica Neptuni, was built on the Campus Martius and dedicated by Agrippa in honour of the naval victory of Actium.

Cohen 3 ; RIC 58 ; BMC 161 ; Sear 1812
f/vg

weight 4,62gr. ; bronze Ø 19mm.

obv. Laureate head of Claudius right, surrounded by the legend;
ΚΛΑΥΔΙΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ϹΕΒΑϹΤΟϹ
rev. Draped bust of Agrippina Jr. right, surrounded by the legend;
ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΕΠΙ ΑΦΡΕΙΝΟΥ ΚΛΑΥΔΕΙΚΟΝΙΕΩΝ
translation: Augusta, under Afrinus, of the Claudiconians

Agrippina the Younger was born on 6 November 15 AD as daughter of Germanicus, a popular general and one-time heir apparent to the Roman Empire under Tiberius; and her mother was Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of the first Roman emperor Augustus. She was also the younger sister of Caligula, as well as the niece of Claudius. Both ancient and modern sources describe Agrippina′s personality as ruthless, ambitious, violent, and domineering. Physically she was a beautiful and reputable woman. After Messalina, Claudius′ third wife was executed in 48 for conspiring with Caius Silius to overthrow her husband, Claudius considered remarrying for the fourth time. He decided to mary his niece Agrippina. Agrippina and Claudius married on New Year′s Day, 49 AD. This marriage caused widespread disapproval. For this occasion a series of commemorative coins were issued, for which this cistophoros is one the examples. Her son Nero became Claudius′s adopted son, heir and recognised successor. Claudius later repented of marrying Agrippina and adopting Nero, began to favor Britannicus, and started preparing him for the throne. His actions allegedly gave Agrippina a motive to eliminate Claudius. The ancient sources say she poisoned Claudius on 13 October 54 with a plate of deadly mushrooms at a banquet, thus enabling Nero to quickly take the throne as emperor. Agrippina between 55 and 58 became very watchful and had a critical eye over her son.Towards 57, Agrippina was expelled from the palace and went to live in a riverside estate in Misenum. While Agrippina lived there or when she went on short visits to Rome, Nero had sent people to annoy her. Although living in Misenum, she was still very popular, powerful and influential. Agrippina and Nero would see each other on short visits. On 23 March 59 AD Agrippina was executed on the orders of her son, the emperor Nero.

Marcus Annius Afrinus (legatus Augusti pro praetore) was a Roman senator, who held a number of offices in the emperor′s service. Bernard Remy states that nothing is known of his origins, but notes C. Castillo suggests Afrinus may have come from Hispania Baetica. The cursus honorum of Afrinus is imperfectly known. His first attested office was governor of the imperial province of Galatia from around the year 49 to 54; he is surmised to have been a popular governor, for his name and portrait appear on the coinage of Claudiconium (Iconium, modern Konya). He was suffect consul in July-August 66 with Caius Paccius Africanus as his colleague. Afrinus was governor of the imperial province of Pannonia, immediately succeeding Lucius Tampius Flavianus in late 69, until the year 73. His life afterwards is a blank.

von Aulock, Lykaonia, 258-260 ; Waddngton 4763 ; RPC.3542 R
Slightly rough surfaces. Rare.
f+

weight 3,45gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Toga picta over tunica palmata, aquila on left, wreath on right,
S•P•Q•R• PAREN(T) above, CONS•SVO below
rev. Slow quadriga right with ornamented panels surmounted by four
miniature galloping horses, CAESAR above, AVGVSTO in exergue

This denarius type is usually attributed to Colonia Patricia (modern Cordoba) in Spain. The obverse depicts the elaborate regalia (ornamenta triumphalia) of a successful general that is awarded to him on the occasion of his procession through the streets of Rome as triumphator. The toga picta was an elaborate dress based on the attire of the Etruscan kings and is shown being worn over the tunica palmata, a tunic decorated with representations of palm leaves. On either side are seen a legionary eagle, symbolic of the Roman army, and a triumphal wreath, or corona triumphalis. This was worn by the triumphator as he paraded through the streets of the capital in the elaborately adorned chariot, which is depicted on the reverse.

In 19 BC, Augustus returned to Rome after a three-year absence in Greece and Asia, and this reverse type probably relates to the celebration of the military successes of this period, especially Tiberius′ activities in Armenia and the restoration of the standards that the Parthians had captured from Crassus in 53 BC.

♦ highly interesting and rare historical coin ♦

Cohen 78 ; RIC 99 ; BMC 397 ; Sear 1604 R
Some minor scratches and bankersmark.Attractive toning.
vf

gewicht 9,93gr. ; goud Ø 27mm.
muntmeester Otto Buck
muntteken roos

vz. Gehelmde en geharnaste Nederlandse ridder, met sjerp diagonaal
om zijn bovenlichaam, te paard naar rechts, in zijn rechterhand houdt
hij een geheven zwaard, de linkerhand aan de teugels, daaronder
het gekroonde provinciewapen van Holland, omringd door de tekst;
✿ MO:AUR:PRO:CONFOED:  -  BELG:HOLLAND:
kz. Gekroond generaliteitswapen geflankeerd door de waarde
aanduiding 14 - GL, erboven I 7 - 5I, omringd door de tekst;
CONCORDIA•RES•PARVÆ•CRESCUNT.

Delmonte 782 ; Verkade 40.4 ; HNPM.19 ; CNM.2.28.47 ; Friedberg 253
weinig gecirculeerd exemplaar met nog enige stempelglans
pr-

gewicht 3,51gr. ; goud Ø 22mm.
muntmeester: Wouter Buck
zonder munt- of muntmeesterteken

vz. Geharnaste en gehelmde Nederlandse ridder staande naar rechts
met in zijn rechterhand een geschouderd zwaard, in de linker een
pijlenbundel (7 pijlen), geflankeerd door het jaartal I7 - 77,
omringd door de tekst; CONCORDIA•RES - PAR•CRES•HOL•
kz. Dubbel gelijnd vierkant met schelp- en bladornamenten aan
de zijden en op de hoeken, met daarbinnen een tekst in 5 regels;
MO:ORD: / PROVIN / FOEDER / BELG•AD / LEG•IMP.

Delmonte 775 ; Verkade 39.6 ; HNPM.15 ;
CNM.2.28.54 ; Friedberg 250
very minor scratch, otherwise attractive specimen
zfr+

weight 3,83gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, AVGVSTVS behind, DIVI•F before
rev. Diana Venatrix, in short hunting tunic, standing facing, head right,
holding and leaning on vertical spear in right hand and bow in left; at her
feet to left, a dog standing left, IMP to left, XII to right, SICIL in exergue

In commemoration of the victory over Sextus Pompeius
at the Battle of Naulochus on 3 September 36 BC.

The Battle of Naulochus (36 BC) was a decisive naval engagement off the northeast coast of Sicily. Octavianus′ brilliant admiral, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, defeated the rebel fleet of Sextus Pompeius, ending a years-long blockade that had starved Rome and solidifying Octavianus′ rise to power.

Sextus had used his massive naval dominance to control Sicily, regularly blockading grain shipments and causing severe famines in Rome, which threatened the stability of the Second Triumvirate. Both sides boasted approximately 300 ships. However, Agrippa commanded heavier vessels and utilized a newly invented grappling weapon called the harpax (a heavy iron grapnel fired from catapults). The harpax allowed Agrippa′s ships to lock onto and board the more maneuverable vessels of Sextus. The resulting battle was devastating for the rebels: 28 of Sextus′ ships were sunk and most of the remainder were captured or burned, while Octavianus′ fleet suffered minimal losses. This victory permanently broke the Pompeian faction′s naval dominance. It paved the way for Octavianus to strip his rival Lepidus of power, leaving Octavianus as the undisputed master of the West and putting him on the path to becoming Augustus, the first Roman Emperor.

Cohen 168 ; RIC 182 (R2) ; BMC 463 ; Lyon 35 ; Sear- (cf. 1612) R
Some scrapes/scratches on cheak and neck. Rare.
vf

weight 10,99gr. ; bronze Ø 27mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, CAESAR behind
rev. AVGVSTVS within laurel-wreath

Cohen 34 ; RIC 486 ; BMC 2235 & 4100 ; Butcher 43
Struck with some weaknesses. Dark patina.
f/vf

weight 11,70gr. ; copper Ø 24,5mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, surrounded by the legend;
CAESAR AVGVST PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT
rev. Large S C surrounded by the legend;
P•LVRIVS AGRIPPA•III VIR•AAA FF

This as was minted in Rome by the monetary triumvirate of 7 BC, formed by Publius Lurius Agrippa, Marcus Maecilius Tullus and Marcus Salvius Otho in 7 BC. The triumviri monetalis ("triumviri of the temple of Juno the Advisor" or "monetary triumvirs") supervised the issuing of Roman coins.

The gens Luria was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Although many Lurii are known from inscriptions, the only member of this gens to play a significant role in history was Marcus Lurius, a lieutenant of Octavianus in the years following the death of Caesar. In 40 BC, Lurius was serving as governor of Sardinia when the island was invaded by Menas, one of Sextus Pompeius′s commanders. Lurius at first routed his opponent, but was then himself the victim of an unexpected defeat by Menas in the ensuing pursuit. Lurius was forced to abandon the island and its two legions there. On 2 September 31 BC, at the naval Battle of Actium, Octavianus entrusted Lurius with command of the right wing of the fleet. There′s a good chance that Publius was the son of Marcus, who may have been long deceased, and his Dad′s old boss was giving him constitutional entree to the Senate. A safe, loyal, constitutional choice that would not make anyone too ambitious nor unreasonably jealous as he revamped the bronze coinage.

Cohen 446 ; RIC 428 ; BMC 214 ; Sear 1686
corroded surfaces 
f

gewicht 6,20gr. ; koper Ø 27mm.
muntmeester Gerrit Jansz.
muntteken stadsschildje van Hasselt

vz. Buste van Philips II naar links binnen een gladde cirkel,
daaronder stadsschildje van Hasselt, omringd door de tekst;
PHS•D•G•HISP Z•REX•DO•TRS•ISSVL′
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen
met de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door
de tekst; •PACE • ET •  -  IVSTITIA •

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid). Schaars.

van Gelder & Hoc 252-17 ; Verkade 144.2 ; CNM.2.83.23 ;
Vanhoudt 381.HS ; Purmer & van der Wiel 7013 S
Voor dit munttype een net exemplaar.
zfr/zfr-

gewicht 5,05gr. ; koper Ø 26mm.

vz. Portret van Philips II naar links  binnen cirkel, daaronder burcht,
in de buitencirkel de tekst •PHS•D:G•HISP•Z•REX•CO•ZEL•
kz. Gekroond Oostenrijk-Bourgondisch wapen, omhangen met het
keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies. In de buitenrand de tekst;
PACE • ET • IVSTITIA •

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

van Gelder & Hoc 252-12 ; Verkade 95.2 ; Vanhoudt 381.MD ;
Purmer & van der Wiel 4016 ; HNPM.10 ; CNM.2.49.7 S
minieme sporen van oxidatie
fr+ à fr/zfr

gewicht 6,77gr. ; koper Ø 27mm.
muntmeester Johan Bitters van Raesfeld
muntteken lelie

vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar links,
omringd door de tekst: •PHS:D:G•HISP Z REX:COM•FLA•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen
met de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de
tekst; •PACE•ET•  -  •IVSTITIA•

Dit munttype werd slechts gedurende zo′n 3 jaar aangemunt. Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van een reeks uniforme munten waaronder ook de dubbele duit of oord. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

van Gelder & Hoc 252-7 ; Dechamps de Pas 13,5 ;
Haeck 695 ; Vanhoudt 381.BG
centrum zwak geslagen
fr

gewicht 2,32gr. ; koper Ø 24mm.
muntmeester Hendrik Joosten van Domselaar
stempelsnijder Nicolaas Petersz. de Vogelaar (tevens goudsmid van beroep)

vz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië
PHS+D:G•HISPANIA•REX•
kz. Stadswapen in het centrum van een kruis met lelies aan de uiteinden,
in het veld de cijfers I - 5 - 7 - 9
In de buitenrand de tekst; +MON• - •NOV+ - •CIVI+ - •TRA+

Alhoewel de oorden van dit type de naam van Philips II dragen, werden ze niet op diens gezag geslagen maar op die van de Staten van Utrecht. In deze tijd durfde men het echter nog niet aan de naam van Philips II te verwijderen op de munten. Dat zou pas geschieden in 1581 met het verschijnen van het Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, waarbij het gezag van Philips II niet langer werd erkend. De oorden van de stad Utrecht hadden een officieel voorgeschreven gewicht van 4,62 gram. Dit exemplaar weegt met 2,25 gram echter minder dan de helft van dat gewicht, en benaderd daarmee eerder het gewicht van een duit. Daarnaast verkeerd de munt ook nog in een goede kwaliteit. Opmerkelijk en zeer zeldzaam.

vgl.Verkade 115.6 ; vgl. Purmer & van der Wiel 5115 ;
vgl. CNM.2.44.3 ; vgl. Pietersen 31B ; vgl. Vanhoudt 404  RR
miniem speldegaatje, verder een net exemplaar
zfr

gewicht 4,12gr. ; koper Ø 24mm.
muntmeester Hendrik Joosten van Domselaar
stempelsnijder Nicolaas Petersz. de Vogelaar (tevens goudsmid van beroep)

vz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië
PHS•D:G•HISPANI•REX
kz. Stadswapen in het centrum van een kruis met lelies aan de uiteinden,
in het veld de cijfers I - 5 - 7 - 8 ( de I geschreven als een T), in de buitenrand
de tekst; MO - •NO• - CIV - TRA

Alhoewel de oorden van dit type de naam van Philips II dragen, werden ze niet op diens gezag geslagen maar op die van de Staten van Utrecht. In deze tijd durfde men het echter nog niet aan de naam van Philips II te verwijderen op de munten. Dat zou pas geschieden in 1581 met het verschijnen van het Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, waarbij het gezag van Philips II niet langer werd erkend. Dit munttype bestaat zonder jaartal, 1578 en 1579. Daarvan is het jaartal 1579 verreweg het meest voorkomend. Zeldzaam.

Verkade 115.5 ; PW.5115 ; HNPM.2 ; CNM.2.44.3 ;
Pietersen31B ; Vanhoudt 404 R
lichte sporen van oxidatie
fr+ à fr/zfr

gewicht 7,24gr. ; koper Ø 25mm.
muntmeester Jacob Dirksz. Alewijn
muntteken: herkruis kruis (zgn. Gelders kruis)

vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar rechts binnen een
parelcirkel, daaronder Gelders kruis, omringd door de tekst;
PHS•D:G•HISP Z REX•DVX GEL•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen met
de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de tekst;
•PACE  ET  - IVSTITIA•

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

In de jaren 1578-1579 werden 63.104 stuks oorden aangemunt. Schaars.

van Gelder & Hoc 252-6 ; Verkade 18.3 ; CNM.2.17.50 ; Vanhoudt 381.NIJ S
fr/zfr

gewicht 5,33gr. ; koper Ø 26mm.
muntmeester Jacob Dirksz. Alewijn
muntteken: herkruis kruis (zgn. Gelders kruis)

vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar rechts binnen een
parelcirkel, daaronder Gelders kruis, omringd door de tekst;
PHS•D•G•HISP•Z•REX•DVX•GEL•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen met
de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de tekst;
PACE  ET  - IVSTITIA

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

In de jaren 1578-1579 werden 63.104 stuks oorden aangemunt. Schaars.

van Gelder & Hoc 252-6 ; Verkade 18.3 ; CNM.2.17.50 ; Vanhoudt 381.NIJ S
fr+

gewicht 6,71gr. ; koper Ø 26mm.
muntteken hand

vz. Buste van Philips II naar links binnen een cirkel, daaronder hand,
omringd door de tekst; •PHS:D:G:HISP Z REX:DVX:BRA•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen met de
keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de tekst; 
•PACE • ET • - IVSTITIA•

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

van Gelder & Hoc 252-1 ; de Witte 783 ; 
de Mey 573 ; Vanhoudt 381.AN
lichte sporen van oxidatie, zwaktes van de slag en klein kerfje aan de rand
fr+

gewicht 6,14gr. ; koper Ø 25mm.
muntteken hand

vz. Buste van Philips II naar links binnen een cirkel, daaronder hand,
omringd door de tekst; •PHS:D:G:HISP Z REX:DVX:BRA•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen met de
keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de tekst;
PACE • ET • - IVSTITIA

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid)

van Gelder & Hoc 252-1 ; de Witte 783 ;
de Mey 573 ; Vanhoudt 381.AN
fr-/fr

weight 1,02gr. ; gold Ø 11,5mm.

obv. Small circle with dots with pellet inside,
surrounded by pseudo-kufic legend;
rev. Long cross dividing IC - XC /  NI - KA within circle,
surrounded by pseudo-kufic legend

The legend IC - XC /  NI - KA stands for Iesus Christos Nikator,
which can be translated as ′Jesus Christ conquers′.

The island of Sicily first came under Muslim rule in AD 827. In the tenth century it came under the sway of the North African Aghlabid dynasty, and then the Fatimids in 909 who installed the Kalbid emirs to rule it as governors (948-1053).

By 999, Norman adventurers had arrived in southern Italy. By 1016, they were involved in the complex local politics, where Lombards were fighting against the Byzantine Empire. As mercenaries they fought the enemies of the Italian city-states, sometimes fighting for the Byzantines and sometimes against them, but in the following century they gradually became the rulers of the major polities south of Rome.

Arab domination of the island ended following the conquest of Sicily by the Normans in 1091, and the establishment of the Norman kingdom. However, the Arabs were encouraged to remain, and many artisans and craftsmen did so. The resulting blend of Arab and Norman styles is evident, particularly in the architecture of the capital, Palermo. Sicily also became an important centre for the diffusion of Islamic culture into Europe.

The Norman king of Sicily, Roger II (reigned 1130-54) struck gold coins known as tari (from the Arabic meaning ′pure′) based on the earlier Fatimid quarter dinars. The Islamic Hijra date (AH) was maintained and the legends are both in Latin and Arabic.

Roger I ruled the County of Sicily at the time of the birth of his youngest son, Roger II, at Mileto, Calabria, in 1095. When Roger I died in 1101, his young son Simon became count, with his mother Adelaide del Vasto as regent. Simon died four years later in 1105 at the age of 12. Adelaide continued as regent to her younger son Roger, who was nine.

Upon the death in 1105 of his elder brother, Simon of Hauteville, Roger inherited the County of Sicily under the regency of his mother, Adelaide del Vasto, and his brother-in-law, Robert of Burgundy (d. 1112), son of Robert the Old. His mother was assisted by such notables as Christodulus, the Greek emir of Palermo. In 1109, Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos bestowed upon him the title of protonobilissimos in recognition of his knowledge of the Byzantine court. In the summer of 1110, Roger was visited by the Norwegian king Sigurd the Crusader, who was on his way to Jerusalem. The story in Icelandic sources suggests that Sigurd called Roger the king of Sicily twenty years before the latter actually obtained this title.

Roger II ″the Great″ was a brilliant statesman who united the Norman territories in southern Italy into a powerful, centralized realm. In 1127 he became Duke of Apulia and Calabria. Renowned for his intellectual curiosity, he forged a remarkably cosmopolitan court that merged Greek, Arab, and Latin cultures. On the death of Pope Honorius in February 1130 there were two claimants to the papal throne. Roger supported Antipope Anacletus II against Innocent II.  The reward was a crown, and, on 27 September 1130, Anacletus′ papal bull made Roger the first King of Sicily. He was crowned in Palermo on Christmas Day 1130.

He built a formidable navy. His conquests reached across the Mediterranean to establish in 1148 the short-lived "Kingdom of Africa" in coastal Tunisia and to seize the island of Corfu. Roger died at Palermo on 26 February 1154 and was buried in the Cathedral of Palermo. He was succeeded by his fourth son, William.

♦ very interesting historical gold coin of Sicily ♦

MEC 201 ; Spahr 1976, no.69 ; cf. Travaini 1995a, no.217 ;
Friedberg 877 ; MIR (Varesi) 22 and 431 ; Biaggi 1220
vf

weight 0,99gr. ; gold Ø 12mm.

obv. Four line inscription within concentric inner circles,
additional inscription surrounding.
rev. Three line inscription within concentric inner circles,
additional inscription surrounding.

Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (985–1021), born on 13 August 985 at Cairo, was the sixth Fatimid Caliph and the 16th Ismaili Imam, ruling from 996 to 1021. The Fatimid dynasty ruled from 909 to 1171 over North Africa, Sicily, Egypt and Syria. Ascending to the throne at age 11, his highly polarizing 25-year reign featured extreme acts of both radical intolerance (like ordering the 1009 destruction of the Holy Sepulchre) and profound patronage of scholarship, highlighted by his establishment of the Dar al-Ilm (Academy of Knowledge) in 1005.

Toward the latter part of his reign, Ismaili missionaries began preaching that Al-Hakim was a manifestation of the divine. This theological belief evolved into the foundations of the Druze religion, where he is revered as a divine figure whose apparent death was merely an occultation. On the night of 13 February 1021, Al-Hakim rode out on his donkey to the Qarafa cemetery near Cairo and never returned. A massive search party found only his abandoned, blood-stained garments. The mystery of his disappearance remains officially unsolved, leading to centuries of debate over whether he was assassinated by political rivals, including his powerful half-sister, Sitt al-Mulk, or if he abandoned his throne to live as an ascetic.

Born as Arabic gold coin weighing about 1 gram worth about 1/4 of the Arab-Islamic Dinar and initially called ruba′i (literally as "Quartino"). It was introduced in Sicily around 913 by the Fatimids.

Spahr 1, 16 ; MIR (Varesi) 383 ; Biaggi 1760 ;
Friedberg 873
as usual, struck on a short flan
vf