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Anhalt-Bernburg was a German principality whose capital was Bernburg, and existed until 1863. The principality was created in 1252 when the Principality of Anhalt was partitioned between Anhalt-Aschersleben, Anhalt-Bernburg and Anhalt-Zerbst. After the ruling family became extinct in 1468, Anhalt-Bernburg was merged with Anhalt-Zerbst. The latter was divided in 1603 among the lines of Anhalt-Dessau, Anhalt-Köthen, Anhalt-Plötzkau, Anhalt-Bernburg and Anhalt-Zerbst. In 1635 the line of Anhalt-Harzgerode, which existed to 1709, was separated from Anhalt-Bernburg. In 1718 the Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym was created, and was reunited with Anhalt-Bernburg in 1812. In 1847 Anhalt-Bernburg inherited the Principality of Anhalt-Köthen. After the death of the last Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, the principality was merged with Anhalt-Dessau. |
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GERMANY - ANHALT-ZERBST - KARL WILHELM, 1667-1718 - 2/3 Taler or Gulden 1678 CP
weight 16,09gr. ; silver Ø 38mm.
mintmaster: Christoph Pflug (CP)
obv: Draped and armored bust of carl Wilhelm right, surrounded
buy the legend; CAR:WILH:D•G•PR•A•C•A•D S B•I E K•
Unabridged legend: Carolus Wilhelmus Dei Gratia Princeps Anhaltinus
Comes Ascaniae Dominus Servestae Bernburgii Jeverae et Kniphusii.
rev: Crowned coat-of-arms, flanked by 16 - 78 / C - P , 2/3 in oval
below, surroundedby the legend; MON:NOV•ARG - PR•A•L•S•D•I•E•K❀
Karl Wilhelm war der dritte Sohn des Fürsten Johann von Anhalt-Zerbst (1621–1667) aus dessen Ehe mit Sophie Auguste (1630–1680), Tochter des Herzogs Friedrich III. von Holstein-Gottorp. Beim Tod seines Vaters noch minderjährig, regierten von 1667 bis 1674 seine Mutter gemeinsam mit Landgraf Ludwig VI. von Hessen-Darmstadt und Fürst Johann Georg II. von Anhalt-Dessau vormundschaftlich. Karl Wilhelm war der Gründer des Zerbster Schlosses (1681) und der lutherischen Kirche St.-Trinitatis-Kirche in Zerbst, welche beide 1696 eingeweiht wurden. Der Bau der Trinitatiskirche beendete einen jahrelangen Streit mit der reformierten Gemeinde in Zerbst, der die Nicolaikirche überlassen wurde. In Coswig und Zerbst ließ Karl Wilhelm zudem 1691 beziehungsweise 1701 Schulen errichten. Der Fürst residierte lange in Jever, welches 1667 durch Karl Wilhelms Großmutter an das Haus Zerbst gefallen war. Um die Herrschaft Jever geriet er in Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Königreich Dänemark. Unter dem Gesellschaftsnamen Der Schattichte wurde er als Mitglied in die literarische Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft aufgenommen.
Christoph Pflug was born in 1644 at Germendorf in Havelland, son of Matthias Pflug. He was mintmaster in Magdeburg (1672-1678), Zerbst (1674-1679) and Dessau (1683-1690). He died on 17 March 1693 at Dessau an der Mulde.
KM.19.6 ; Mann 252var. ; Davenport 202
Struck with some minor weaknesses, otherwise very
attractive specimen with some original lustre.
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GERMANY - AUGSBURG, BISTUM - HARTMANN VON DILLUNGEN, 1248-1286 - Brakteat pfennig n.d.
weight 0,86gr.; silver Ø 22mm.
obv. Bishop′s bust between two crosiers under three arched church
rev. Incuse of obverse
Hartmann was a member of the Swabian noble von Dillingen family, who held territory in the Upper Danube area and the office of Vogt over the city of Ulm. Hartmann was the youngest son of Count Hartmann IV of Dillingen and Willibirgis. He was involved in the establishment of the hospital in Dillingen in 1237. In 1241, Hartmann and his father, the Count, donated to the Community of Ladies in Dillingen a house near the parish church with one lot of land, a cabbage patch and a meadow.[1] In 1246 or 1247, Hartmann was appointed canon in Augsburg. In 1248, Siboto of Seefeld was deposed as Bishop of Augsburg by Pope Innocent IV and Hartmann was appointed as his successor.
During the power struggles of the era, the Dillingen family initially supported the Hohenstaufen "anti-king" Henry Raspe, which led to multiple invasions of their lands by Conrad IV between 1246 and 1249. He supported the monasteries and hospitals in his bishopric. He allowed Mendicant order, such as the Franciscans, Dominicans, and Carmelites to provide religious care in his diocese. In 1256, a dispute arose between Hartmann and Duke Louis II of Bavaria about the office of Vogt over his bishopric. Swigger II of Mindelberg took Hartmann prisoner in 1266 and burned down his Straßberg castle. In 1270, he prevailed; however, in 1276, he lost control of the office to the Empire. In a dispute with Count Louis III of Oettingen about the office of Vogt over Neresheim Abbey, an arbitration board chaired by Albertus Magnus ruled against him.
After the death of father and his brothers, he inherited the family possessions. Some of these were transferred to the Bishopric of Augsburg in 1258. The von Dillingen family died out in the male line with Hartmann V′s death in 1286. Hartmann V bequeathed to the Church of Augsburg his paternal inheritance, including the town and castle of Dillingen. He was buried before the altar in Augsburg Cathedral.
Sammlung Bonhoff 1913 ; Steinhilber 82 ; Berger 2646 ; Numista 105334
very attractive example, beautifully toned
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GERMANY - BADEN, GROSHERTOGTUM - KARL LEOPOLD FRIEDRICH, 1830-1852 - Medallic 1 Kreuzer 1832, Karlsruhe
weight 3,79gr. ; copper Ø 21mm.
obv. Crowned S with rays on background within a ribbon
with a bow on which the text LIEBE UM LIEBE.
rev. Cloud with sun on background, KARLSRUHE below,
around the legend; SIE GEHET DER HERVOR D.22 APR.1832.
After her giving birth to Prince Karl on 9 March 1832, Grand-Duchess Sophie showed again on 22 april 1832 in the open. This medallic kreuzer was minted to commemorate that occasion.
Sophie Wilhelmina of Holstein-Gottrop was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on 21 May 1801. She was the daughter of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and his wife, Frederica of Baden. In 1815, she was engaged, and on 25 July 1819 in Karlsruhe, Sophie married her half-grand-uncle Prince Karl Leopold Friedrich of Baden, the son of a morganatic marriage. The marriage with Leopold had been specifically arranged by her uncle, Grand Duke Karl I of Baden, to improve the chances that Leopold would one day succeed him as grand duke because of Sophie′s royal lineage; Leopold, though his right to the throne was recognized, was originally the issue of a morganatic marriage. During the reign of Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden, they lived a modest life away from court, as Louis did not want the heir to the throne at court. In 1830, her husband ascended to the grand ducal throne as Leopold I, and Sophie became Grand Duchess of Baden.
In the early 1830′s there was much debate and controversy about the apperance of Kaspar Hauser (30 April 1812 (?) – 17 December 1833); a German youth who claimed to have grown up in the total isolation of a darkened cell. Theories propounded at the time linked him with the grand ducal House of Baden and proposed his birth had been hidden as part of royal intrigue. He was stabbed to death on 17 December 1833. Sophie was rumoured to have ordered Hauser′s assassination in 1833. This damaged her relationship to her husband, and Sophie was said to have had an affair. During the revolution of 1848, she was forced to flee from Karlsruhe with her family to Strasbourg. In 1852 her husband Karl Leopold Friedrich died, and was succeeded by their oldest son Ludwig II. This son however was mentally not capable to reign and their second son Friedrich took to role as regent for Ludwig. Sophie died on 6 July 1865.
KM.- ; cf. Jaeger 89 ; cf. Wielandt/Seitz 272 ; AKS.- S
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GERMANY – BAYERN, HERZOGTUM – HEINRICH IV (II) ″THE SAINT″, 995-1004 and 1009-1017 – Denar n.d. (1002-1009), Regensburg
weight 1,08gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
mintmaster: ECC (Ecco)
obv. Stylized church, cross on top, with inside the legend;
ECC, surrounded by the legend; SC•O:INCVHTS
rev. Short cross with in the angles; ring / wedge / three dots /
wedge, within a circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠✠ (with dots in angles) HCNTPCEIVS
Henry II (973-1024) was a devout Holy Roman Emperor, born in Bavaria, known as "the Saint" for his piety, church reforms, and humble rule, being the only German king canonized, and is a patron saint of the childless, handicapped, and dukes, alongside his wife, Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg. He founded Bamberg and its cathedral, ruled with deep faith, and was crowned Emperor by Pope Benedict VIII in 1014. He was the fourth Duke of Bavaria with this name and in that capacity he is referred to as Henry IV.
Hahn 27 c2
attractive, well struck specimen
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GERMANY - BAYERN, HERZOGTUM - ERNST I & WILHELM III, 1397-1435 - Pfennig n.d., München
weight 0,46gr. ; silver Ø 16mm.
obv. Head of a bearded monk left, wearing pointed hood.
rev. Gothic initials Є W of the Dukes Ernst I and Wilhelm III within circle.
variety; monkʹs head with beard. Rare.
Ernst was born in 1373 as oldest son of duke Johann II of Bayern-München. He succeeded his father in 1397 together with his brother Wilhelm III and their uncle Stephan III until 1402. Then Ernst reigned in Bayern-München together with Wilhelm III until the latterʹs demise in 1435. Afterwards Wilhelm’s son Adolf shared the reign until Ernst′ death in 1438. He restrained uprisings of the citizenry of Munich in 1396 and 1410 and forced his uncle Stephan III to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt in 1402. Afterwards Ernst still fought several times successfully against the dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt Stephan III and his son Ludwig VII the Bearded as ally of Heinrich XVI of Bavaria-Landshut. He was a member of the Parakeet Society and of the League of Constance.
After the extinction of the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria-Straubing, counts of Holland and Hainaut, Ernst and his brother Wilhelm struggled with Heinrich and Ludwig but finally received half of Bavaria-Straubing including the city of Straubing in 1429. As ally of the House of Luxembourg Ernst backed his deposed brother in law Wenceslaus against the new king Rupert of the older branch of his own Wittelsbach dynasty as well as Wenceslausʹ brother Sigismund in his wars against the supporters of Jan Hus. This led to devastations in Northern Bavaria until 1434. When his son Albert III married secretly the maid Agnes Bernauer in 1432, Ernst ordered her murdered. She was accused of witchcraft and thrown into the River Danube and drowned. The civil war with his son finally ended with a reconciliation. He died on 2 July 1438 and is buried in the Frauenkirche in Munich.
It has been theorized that the name for the city of Munich (München in German) comes from the term Kloster von Mönchen or ʺCloister for Monksʺ due to the Imperial Abbey of Tegernsee, a Benedictine Monastery near which the original town of Munich was built. The figure portrayed was originally a monk (or friar) holding a book, evolved in different portrayals, wearing a pointed hood. The image of the monk has been used as a symbol for the city of Munich since the 13th century, as also shown on this coin, the so called ″Monk Pfennig″. Normally the monkʹs head is not beared, so this variety seems to be rare.
Wittelsbach 165 ; cf. Beierlein 160-165 ; cf. Emmerig/Bayern BM 13 R
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GERMANY - BAYERN, KÖNIGREICH - LUDWIG II, 1864-1886 - ½ Gulden 1866/5, München
weight 5,27gr. ; silver Ø 24mm.
With part in hair right / Kopf mit Scheitel.
The date 1866 has been altered from 1865.
Seems to be unpublished. Very rare as such.
Ludwig II or Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm was born on 25 August 1845 as oldest son of king Maximilian II. After the death of Maximilian II in 1864, the 18 years old Ludwig II succeeded his father as king of Bavaria. Two years later Bavaria was effectively subjugated by Prussia, and subsequently absorbed into the German Empire. Ludwig remained King of Bavaria, but largely ignored such state affairs as remained to Bavaria in favor of extravagant artistic and architectural projects. He commissioned the construction of two lavish palaces and the Neuschwanstein Castle, and was a devoted patron of the composer Richard Wagner. The greatest stress of Ludwig′s early reign was pressure to produce an heir, but Ludwig never married nor had any known mistresses. It is known from his diary (which began in the 1860s), private letters, and other surviving personal documents that he had strong homosexual desires. Athough homosexuality had not been punishable in Bavaria since 1813 in intensely Catholic and socially conservative 19th-century Bavaria, the scandal of a homosexual monarch would have been intolerable.
He is sometimes called the Swan King (English) and der Märchenkönig, the Fairy Tale King (English). He also held the titles of Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, and Duke in Swabia. Ludwig spent all the royal revenues (although not state funds) on extravagant artistic and architectural projects, borrowed extensively, and defied all attempts by his ministers to restrain him. This was used against him to declare him insane, and on 10 June a government commission decided to place the king in custody. His uncle, prince Luitpold, was appointed to take over government as the ruling Prince Regent. On the afternoon of the 13 June 1886, Dr. Gudden accompanied Ludwig on a stroll in the grounds of Berg Castle. They were escorted by two attendants. Following dinner, at around 6 pm, Ludwig asked Gudden to accompany him on a further walk, this time through the Schloß Berg parkland along the shore of Lake Starnberg. The two men were last seen at about 6:30 pm; they were due back at 8 pm, but never returned. After searches were made for more than two hours by the entire castle staff in a gale with heavy rain, at 10:30 pm that night, the bodies of both the King and von Gudden were found, head and shoulders above the shallow water near the shore. The King′s watch had stopped at 6:54. Ludwig′s death was officially ruled a suicide by drowning, but the official autopsy report indicated that no water was found in his lungs. Ludwig was a very strong swimmer in his youth, the water was approximately waist deep where his body was found, and he had not expressed suicidal feelings during the crisis. Gudden′s body showed blows to the head and neck and signs of strangulation, leading to the suspicion that he was strangled, although no other evidence was found to prove this. It is clearly that Ludwig has been murdered by his enemies. The accusation of insanity has since been refuted. A sad end of this ʺFairy Tale King ʺ. Ludwig is generally well-regarded and even revered by many Bavarians today. His legacy of architecture and art includes many of Bavaria′s important tourist attractions.
KM.866var. ; Jaeger 99var. ; AKS.179var. RR
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GERMANY - BECKUM, STADT - 12 Kipperpfennig 1622
weight 4,90gr. ; copper Ø 28mm.
obv. City coat of arms resting on an ornamented shield in circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✽ STADT ✽ BECKEM
rev. Value XII with date 1-6-2-2 between in ornamented square
Beckum is a town in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is about 20 km (12 miles) north-east of Hamm and 35 km. south-east of Münster. It gives its name to the nearby Beckum Hills. In late antiquity and the early Middle Ages the area was first inhabited by Bructeri, later perhaps by both Franks and Saxons. Around 785, the first Christian church was built where the current St. Stephen′s Church stands. A foundation was established there in the 12th century, which fell under the ecclesiastical rule of the bishops of Münster.
In 1224, Beckum was granted its town charter, and it quickly grew in wealth as merchants and craftsmen set up businesses in the town. The town quickly expanded to an area of over 22 km2. However wars, riots and the Black Death in the following centuries left their mark on the town. Beckum, situated at the intersection of two old trade routes, gained increasing importance as a trading town in the Middle Ages and joined the Hanseatic League in or before 1433.
During the Spanish winter of 1598/99, Beckum was largely destroyed by Spanish soldiers. This ushered in two centuries of misery. In the 17th century, the town suffered greatly during the Thirty Years′ War (1618-1648), and afterward, Beckum was repeatedly struck by war, plague and other disease epidemics, fires, livestock diseases, and so on. After the Thirty Years′ War, legislation removed several rights from cities and towns, and as a result many cities and towns in Münsterland became heavily economically and religiously dependent upon the Bishop of Münster.
This is a so called "Kippercoin" from the "Kipperzeit" (1620-1623). Kipper und Wipper (German: Kipper- und Wipperzeit) was a financial crisis during the start of the Thirty Years′ War (1618–1648). Starting around 1620, city-states in the Holy Roman Empire began to produce heavily debased currency in order to raise revenue for the Thirty Years′ War, as effective taxation did not exist. More and more mints were established until the debased metal coins were so worthless that children allegedly played with them in the street. The name derives from the practice of fraudulent coin devaluation, namely the ″wippen″ (rocking) of the balance beams when weighing the coins on a speed scale and the subsequent ″Kippen″ (Low German for ″sorting out″) of the heavier pieces, from which new, lower-value coins were then made by adding copper, tin or lead.
♦ a very rare cointype ♦
KM.6 ; Weingärtner 109 ; Wittenbrink 15 ; de Mey 12 ; Numista 279420 RR
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GERMANY - BLANKENBERG, HERRSCHAFT (LORDSHIP) - WALRAM VAN HEINSBERG, 1302-1307 - Pfennig or Köppfchen” n.d., Blankenberg
weight 0,51gr. ; silver Ø 13mm.
vz. Young male portrait (″Scottisch style″) to lef within circle of dots,
surrounded by the legend; ✽ MONЄTA BLANhGB′
kz. Long cross with a rose in each angle within circle of dots,
surrounded by the legend; IN – NOM – INI – DNI
Around 1150 it was the Counts of Sayn who had a fortress, Blankenberg, built on a rock in the center of their territory. It was considered one of the strongest castles in the area. A small settlement developed at the foot of that rock, which received city rights in 1245. The town never became large and today it only has about 665 inhabitants, district of the city of Hennef in the Rhein-Sieg district. After the extinction of the Sayner count house, the castle, city and land of Blankenberg came into the possession of the lords of Heinsberg. It was owned by Lord Dirk II of Heinsberg (1232-1303).
After his death, his son Godfried succeeded him as lord of Heinsberg. However, his third son Walram was allocated Blankenberg, and from that moment on he could call himself lord of Blankenberg. It was during this period that Pfenningen or “Köppfchen” were minted on a small scale, following the example of the Holland ′kopjes′ of Count Floris V and Jan I that were minted in Dordrecht between 1293 and 1300. Walram died in 1307, after which Blankenberg was added back to the manor of Heinsberg under the rule of his older brother Godfried II.
This coin is an imitation of the ′penningen′ of Floris V, Count of Holland (1256-1296) of the 5th type (1293-1296). It shows a portrait of Count Floris V in ″Scottish style″, which is taken from the Scottish penny of King Alexander III from 1280. Köppfchen of Blankenberg with roses in the angles are not published in the standard reference literature. Highly interesting historical coin and extremely rare, possibly unique.
Lucas 2var. (unicum) ; van Hengel 20.1var. ; Menadier 2var. R4
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GERMANY - BRAUNSCHWEIG-CALENBERG-HANNOVER - GEORG I LUDWIG, 1698-1727 - Andreastaler 1707 HB, Clausthal
weight 29,13gr. ; silver Ø 41mm.
mintmaster Heinrich Bonhorst
obv. Crowned arms, deviding H - B, surrounded by the legend;
GEORG:LUD:D•G•D•BR•&•LUN:S•R•I•ELECT:1707 • ★ •
rev. St. Andrew, nimbate, standing facing, with his eyes looking up
to heaven, wooden cross behind him, surrounded by the legend;
★ SANCTVS ★ ANDREAS ★ REVIVISCENS ★
Struck from silver of the St. Andreasberg. The Upper Harz (Der Oberharz) was one of the most important ore districts in Germany. St. Andreasberg is one of the seven mining towns in the Upper Harz and, like the other six, owes its existence to mining. Mining in Sankt Andreasberg was first documented in 1487, but its origins are believed to be much earlier. Samson was a silver mine, which was operated by 1521-1910 and was one of their operating time to the deepest mines in the world. From the 16th to the mid-19th century about 14-50% of the silver mined throughout Germany was mined in the Upper Harz. At the beginning of the 20th century, however, silver production decreased dramatically and reached its lowest point in 1909 with only 90 kg. A year later the mine closed for economic reasons.
KM.51 ; Welter 2138 ; Fiala 3597 ; Müseler 10.5.42 ; Davenport 2062
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GERMANY - BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL - HEINRICH II DER JÜNGERE, 1514-1568 - Goldgulden 1558, Goslar
weight 3,21gr. ; gold Ø 22mm.
obv. Bust of Duke Heinrich to the left, wearing a fur coat and the
chain of the Order of the Golden Fleece, surrounded by the legend;
HEN•IVN•D• - G•D•B•E•L•58
rev. Fortuna with sail overhead, within chain of the Order of the
Golden Fleece, surrounded by the legend; IG•G - H - I - GE •,
which is divided by 4 small shields of arms of Braunschweig (2 Löwen),
Lüneburg, Eberstein und Homburg.
In full, the abbreviated text reads: In Gott′s Gewalt Hab Ich′s GEstalt
Henry II the Younger (Heinrich II der Jüngere),
Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 1514-1568;
The Catholic Duke Henry the Younger, a staunch opponent of the Reformation, was considered energetic and unscrupulous. He played a decisive role in the suppression of the peasants at the Battle of Frankenhausen in 1525. Until 1528, he served the Emperor in Spain and as a general in Italy.
Henry had been married to a Württemberg countess since 1515, who bore him eleven children. At the same time, he had a love affair with the lady-in-waiting Eva von Trott. To conceal the affair, he had his lover given a fake burial. However, since she bore him a total of ten children, it eventually became a scandal. Numerous Protestant pamphlets attacked and mocked the duke. Martin Luther called him ″Wild Hans Worst.″
In 1542, members of the Schmalkaldic League expelled Henry from his lands and introduced the Reformation there. Henry′s attempt to regain his lands ended in defeat in 1545, during which he became a prisoner of Landgrave Philip of Hesse. He was released after the Battle of Mühlberg in 1547. Together with Maurice of Saxony, he defeated the ″princely arsonist″ Albrecht Alcibiades at Sievershausen in 1553, where his two older sons were killed. As he grew older, Henry became more tolerant. Eventually, the 79-year-old raised no objections to the succession of his Protestant son Julius.
This prestigious gold coin is known only with the date 1558. Both sides of the coin depict the Order of the Fleece with the order′s chain. The depiction of Fortuna with a curved sail on the reverse of the coin is unusual. This coin was probably minted on some occasion and not immediately intended for normal circulation. Considering its rarity, production would have been very small. A highly interesting and very desirable rarity.
Welter 384 ; MB.108 (wrongly described as ″ducat″) ;
Friedberg 625 RR
struck with some weaknesses
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GERMANY - BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL - HEINRICH JULIUS, 1589-1613 - Reichstaler 1609, Zellerfeld
weight 29,13gr. ; silver Ø 42,5mm.
The wild man or woodwose is a mythological figure that appears in the artwork and literature of medieval Europe. Images of wild men appear in the carved and painted roof bosses where intersecting ogee vaults meet in the Canterbury Cathedral, in positions where one is also likely to encounter the vegetal Green Man. The wild man, pilosus or “hairy all over,” and often armed with a club, was a link between civilized humans and the dangerous elf-like spirits of natural woodland, such as Puck. The image of the wild man survived to appear as supporter for heraldic coats-of-arms, especially in Germany, well into the 16th century. Early engravers in Germany and Italy were particularly fond of wild men, wild women, and wild families, with examples from Martin Schongauer and Albrecht Dürer among others.
The earliest medieval concepts of the wild man focus on him as a normal human gone wild by madness, as in the Biblical story of Nebuchadnezzar; this first occurs in Celtic societies in the High Middle Ages. These Celtic stories attribute to the wild man poetic or prophetic powers. The 9th-century Irish tale Buile Shuibhne (The Madness of Sweeney) describes how Sweeney, the pagan king of the Dál nAraidi in Ulster, assaults the Christian bishop Ronan Finn and is cursed with madness as a result. He spends many years traveling naked through the woods, where he composes verse. The Welsh told a similar story about Myrddin Wyllt, the origin of the Merlin of later romance. In these stories Myrddin is a warrior in the service of King Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio at the time of the Battle of Arfderydd. When his lord is killed at the battle, Myrddin takes to the Caledonian Forest in a fit of madness which bestows him with the ability to compose prophetic poetry; a number of later prophetic poems are attributed to him. The Life of Saint Kentigern includes almost the same story, though here the madman of Arfderydd is instead called Lailoken, which may be the original name. The fragmentary 16th-century Breton text An Dialog Etre Arzur Roe D′an Bretounet Ha Guynglaff (Dialog Between Arthur and Guynglaff) tells of a meeting between King Arthur and the wild man Guynglaff, who predicts events which will occur down to the 16th century.
Davenport 6285 ; Welter 645B ; KM.7
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BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL - RUDOLF AUGUST & ANTON ULRICH, 1685-1704 - 24 Mariengroschen 1690, Zellerfeld
weight 13,06gr. ; silver Ø 38mm.
The wild man or woodwose is a mythological figure that appears in the artwork and literature of medieval Europe. Images of wild men appear in the carved and painted roof bosses where intersecting ogee vaults meet in the Canterbury Cathedral, in positions where one is also likely to encounter the vegetal Green Man. The wild man, pilosus or “hairy all over,” and often armed with a club, was a link between civilized humans and the dangerous elf-like spirits of natural woodland, such as Puck. The image of the wild man survived to appear as supporter for heraldic coats-of-arms, especially in Germany, well into the 16th century. Early engravers in Germany and Italy were particularly fond of wild men, wild women, and wild families, with examples from Martin Schongauer and Albrecht Dürer among others.
The earliest medieval concepts of the wild man focus on him as a normal human gone wild by madness, as in the Biblical story of Nebuchadnezzar; this first occurs in Celtic societies in the High Middle Ages. These Celtic stories attribute to the wild man poetic or prophetic powers. The 9th-century Irish tale Buile Shuibhne (The Madness of Sweeney) describes how Sweeney, the pagan king of the Dál nAraidi in Ulster, assaults the Christian bishop Ronan Finn and is cursed with madness as a result. He spends many years traveling naked through the woods, where he composes verse. The Welsh told a similar story about Myrddin Wyllt, the origin of the Merlin of later romance. In these stories Myrddin is a warrior in the service of King Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio at the time of the Battle of Arfderydd. When his lord is killed at the battle, Myrddin takes to the Caledonian Forest in a fit of madness which bestows him with the ability to compose prophetic poetry; a number of later prophetic poems are attributed to him. The Life of Saint Kentigern includes almost the same story, though here the madman of Arfderydd is instead called Lailoken, which may be the original name. The fragmentary 16th-century Breton text An Dialog Etre Arzur Roe D′an Bretounet Ha Guynglaff (Dialog Between Arthur and Guynglaff) tells of a meeting between King Arthur and the wild man Guynglaff, who predicts events which will occur down to the 16th century.
Davenport 336 ; Welter 2079 ; KM.559
Attractive coin with toning.
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BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL - RUDOLF AUGUST & ANTON ULRICH, 1685-1704 - 24 Mariengroschen or 2/3 Taler 1702, Zellerfeld
weight 13,00gr. ; silver Ø 37mm.
The wild man or woodwose is a mythological figure that appears in the artwork and literature of medieval Europe. Images of wild men appear in the carved and painted roof bosses where intersecting ogee vaults meet in the Canterbury Cathedral, in positions where one is also likely to encounter the vegetal Green Man. The wild man, pilosus or “hairy all over,” and often armed with a club, was a link between civilized humans and the dangerous elf-like spirits of natural woodland, such as Puck. The image of the wild man survived to appear as supporter for heraldic coats-of-arms, especially in Germany, well into the 16th century. Early engravers in Germany and Italy were particularly fond of wild men, wild women, and wild families, with examples from Martin Schongauer and Albrecht Dürer among others.
The earliest medieval concepts of the wild man focus on him as a normal human gone wild by madness, as in the Biblical story of Nebuchadnezzar; this first occurs in Celtic societies in the High Middle Ages. These Celtic stories attribute to the wild man poetic or prophetic powers. The 9th-century Irish tale Buile Shuibhne (The Madness of Sweeney) describes how Sweeney, the pagan king of the Dál nAraidi in Ulster, assaults the Christian bishop Ronan Finn and is cursed with madness as a result. He spends many years traveling naked through the woods, where he composes verse. The Welsh told a similar story about Myrddin Wyllt, the origin of the Merlin of later romance. In these stories Myrddin is a warrior in the service of King Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio at the time of the Battle of Arfderydd. When his lord is killed at the battle, Myrddin takes to the Caledonian Forest in a fit of madness which bestows him with the ability to compose prophetic poetry; a number of later prophetic poems are attributed to him. The Life of Saint Kentigern includes almost the same story, though here the madman of Arfderydd is instead called Lailoken, which may be the original name. The fragmentary 16th-century Breton text An Dialog Etre Arzur Roe D′an Bretounet Ha Guynglaff (Dialog Between Arthur and Guynglaff) tells of a meeting between King Arthur and the wild man Guynglaff, who predicts events which will occur down to the 16th century.
cf. Künker Auktion 272, lot 1245 (xf € 525 + 25%)
KM.559 ; Davenport 336 ; Welter 2079
attractive toning
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GERMANY - ERFURT, STADT - Taler 1548 - THE FIRST TALER OF ERFURT
weight 26,54gr. ; silver Ø 39mm.
mintmark: Crescent with face
obv. Helmeted city arms, wildman and wildwomen as supporters,
wheel of Mainz above, within circle. In outer circle the legend;
✿MON★REIPVBLICAE★CIVITATIS★ERFVRDI
rev. Four-fold arms of Kapellendorf, Visselbach, Vippach, Vargula with central
shield of Erfurt, 15 - 48 across field, within circle. In outer circle the legend;
DATE•CAESARIS•CAESARI•E•QV•SVN•DE•DEO and crescent with face
The reverse shows us Jesus′ famous words ″reddite igitur quae sunt Caesaris
Caesari et quae sunt Dei Deo″ (″render to Caesar the things that are Caesar′s,
and to God the things that are God′s″ ; Marcus 12,17 & Matthew 22.21)
Erfurt was the capital of Thüringen. The city purchased its monetary rights from the archbishop of Mainz, which this coin also shows. It only sporadically availed itself of these right. All coinage of the town was issued by the municipal mint. It was in 1548 when the first taler was minted, this coin type. Therefor was a reason; The city had acted neutral during the Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547). Therefor, she was sentenced by the Emperor Charles V to a high penalty. The city wanted to pay 20,000 guilders in its own large silver coin and show it condifently; On the front, the city appeared as a republic (!), even though she was under the suzarainly of the Archdiocese Mainz. It would last over 60 years when the second citytaler was minted (in 1613). This example was found years ago in the Netherlands during waterworks. Highly interesting historical coin and very rare.
Gewicht 26,54gr. ; Silber Ø 39mm.
Münzzeichen: Halbmond mit Gesicht
Vs. Behelmtes Stadtwappen von einem wilden Mann und einer wilden Frau gehalten.
Umschrift; ✿MON★REIPVBLICAE★CIVITATIS★ERFVRDI
Rs. Vierfeldig Wappen: Kapellendorf, Visselbach, Vippach, Vargula mit
Mitttelschild (Erfurt)
Umschrift; DATE•CAESARIS•CAESARI•E•QV•SVN•DE•DEO and crescent with face
Erfurt prägte 1548 seine ersten Taler. Die Stadt hatte sich während des Schmalkaldischen Krieges (1546-1547) neutral verhalten. Deshalb wurde sie von Kaiser Karl V. zu einem hohen Strafgeld verurteilt. Die Stadt wollte die 20.000 Gulden in eigener grossen Silbermünze bezahlen und sich dabei selbstbewusst zeigen; Auf der Voderseite trat die Stadt als Republik (!) auf, obwohl sie unter der Oberhoheit des Erzbistums Mainz stand. Mit der Umschrift der Rückseite bekundete man dem Kaiser Gehorsam in weltlichen Fragen, nicht aber in Glaubensfragen; Jesus′ berühmten Worte ″reddite igitur quae sunt Caesaris Caesari et quae sunt Dei Deo″ (″Gebt dem Kaiser, was des Kaisers ist, und Gott, was Gottes ist″. Es wurde bis 1613 dauern vor die nächste Stadttaler von Erfurt geprägt ist. Dieses Exemplar wurde vor Jahren gefunden bei Wasserarbeiten. Historisch hochinteressantes und wichtiges Stück. Sehr selten.
Davenport 9191 ; MB.12 ;
de Mey 272 ; Leitzmann 435 RR
Very minor traces of oxidation. Very attractive coin with appealing toning.
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GERMANY - FRANKFURT, REICHSSTADT – KARL V, 1519-1556 - Taler n.d. (1547)
weight 25,72gr. ; silver Ø 41mm.
obv. Crowned eagle with spread wings facing
left in border of dots, surrounded by the legend;
♣ NVMVS♣REIP♣FRANCOFORDIANÆ
rev. Large cross in circle, 2 lilies in arches in each angle, surrounded
by the legend; ✿ SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTVM
Frankfurt am Main is centrally positioned along a North-South and East-West crossroads in Europe, a privileged location that has for over a millennium attracted merchants, bankers, and hard specie. By the 1100s, Frankfurt had secured its reputation as a commerce-friendly town and had begun to benefit from the imperial privileges that would later allow it to prosper as a Free City, unencumbered by the squabbling of petty princes and noblemen. Even the Messe can be traced to this same century, with one its earliest documented mentions found in a Hebrew literary text written by Rabbi Eliezer ben Nathan of Mainz. Without question, the late middle ages were a boom time for this former Frankish fort on the Main River.
Frankfurt′s history as a coining city dates back about 700 years. The Holy Roman Emperor granted Frankfurt the right to mint small coins in 1346, though permission to mint a full gamut of silver and gold coinage (and, more importantly, to keep the revenue derived therefrom) was not gained until 1555. From the start, the city′s coins were in high demand because the mint had earned a reputation for not skimping on precious metal content, another factor which attracted traders to Frankfurt.
Although Frankfurt had established itself as the preeminent commercial city in German territory by 1600, the city council had to navigate an environment in which multiple currency types and weights passed through town gates, especially at its by-then renowned Messe. In short, there were three general currency systems to balance between 1400 and 1600; Rhenish, North-German, and Bavarian-Swabian (South-German). The Rhenish contingency, led by the Archbishop of Cologne, would soon falter, leaving North and South German currency associations salivating at the prospect of greater alignment with Frankfurt’s mounting wealth. The accounting system at Frankfurt was a concern for traders across the continent, and the city became a hub for the vital, Europe-wide currency trade. In this fertile commercial field, the international banking houses of Metzler, Oppenheimer, and Rothschild (among others) would rise to international fortune.
Since the Staufer period, Frankfurt am Main has been a royal mint. In 1428, the imperial city received the right to mint its own silver coins from Emperor Sigismund. It wasn′t until 1555 that the city also received the right to mint gold coins from Emperor Charles V. In 1547, the city′s first thaler was minted, featuring a design based on the turnosen. This oldest thaler in Frankfurt is certainly also the city′s rarest type. Extremely rare.
♦ THE FIRST THALER FROM FRANKFURT ♦
cf. Sonntag, Auktion 28, 4-5 June 2018, Lot 960 (in vf: € 35.000 + 20%)
cf. Künker, Auktion 392, 26 September 2023, Lot 2215 (in vf/xf: € 40.000 + 25%)
MB. 38 ; Davenport 9182 ; Joseph & Fellner 216a ;
Schulten 858 ; de Mey 274 RRR
find specimen with light traces of oxidation
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GERMANY - GOSLAR, REICHSMÜNZSTÄTTE - Matthiasgroschen n.d. (ca.1470-1540))
weight 1,75gr. ; silver Ø 24mm.
obv. Saint Matthias (Matthew), nimbate, standing facing, with an
axe (his traditional martyrdom symbol) and bible, within dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; SANCTVS - MATHIAS
rev. Eagle with spead wings facing, head turned to left, within dotted
circle, surrounded by the legend; ⋆MONETA⋆NOVA⋆GOSLARI
Goslar, a historic town in Germany, was known for its mining and minting activities during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Matthiasgroschen from Goslar is a historical silver coin minted by the Imperial Free City of Goslar in Germany, named for its depiction of Saint Matthew. Produced and widely circulated from around 1470 to the 16th century, becoming a standard currency. The name of the coin, "Matthier" or "Mattier," persisted in Northern Germany for a long time, even for later versions that no longer bore the saint′s image.
MB.6 ; Cappe 273 ; Saurma 3961 ; Schulten 981 ; cf. Numista 151587
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GERMANY - SCHÄBISCH HALL - Händlesheller n.d. (13th century)
weight 0,75gr. ; silver Ø 16mm.
obv. Hand
rev. Cross
Der Haller Heller - ″Euro des Mittelalters″
Die Gründung der königlichen Münzstätte in Schwäbisch Hall wird dem Stauferkaiser Friedrich I. Barbarossa (1122-1190) zugeschrieben. Seinen Geldbedarf deckte der Kaiser durch die Prägung eigenen Geldes. Dieser ″Heller″ (= Haller Pfennig), eine kleine Münze aus dünnem Silberblech, erreichte rasch eine weite Verbreitung. Grund hierfür war die schlechtere Qualität, denn aus dem Einschmelzen und Umprägen älterer Münzen ließen sich gute Profite machen.
Die riesige Hellerproduktion brachte Schwäbisch Hall eine wirtschaftliche Hochblüte. Die Bedeutung der Münze für die Stadt zeigt sich darin, dass die Schultheißen schon auf den frühesten Siegeln drei Heller in ihrem Wappen führten, eine Darstellung, aus der sich das heutige Stadtwappen entwickelte.
Nach 1300 begann der Niedergang des Hellers, der nun auch andernorts geprägt wurde. Es kam zu einer immer rascheren Verschlechterung. Am Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts war die Münze zur kleinsten Einheit innerhalb eines komplizierten Währungssystems herabgesunken. In dieser Zeit endete auch die Prägung von Hellern in Schwäbisch Hall. Später hat die Stadt eigene Münzen hergestellt. Dieses aus der Eigenstaatlichkeit Schwäbisch Hall Halls als Reichsstand abgeleitete Münzrecht wurde bis zum Ende der Reichsstadtzeit ausgeübt. Hergestellt wurden diese Münzen jedoch seit dem 16. Jahrhundert nicht mehr vor Ort, sondern meist in Nürnberg.
Als Bezeichnung für eine Kleinmünze hat sich ″Heller″ teilweise bis in die 1920er Jahre gehalten. Seine weiteste Verbreitung hat er jedoch in literarischer Form erhalten, da Martin Luther bei seiner Bibelübersetzung eine griechische Kleinmünze (″Kodrantes″) als Heller bezeichnete.
Saurma 1364-1365 ; Raff 13
Weakly struck at parts
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GERMANY - HAMBURG, REICHSSTADT - FRANZ II, 1792-1806 - 32 Schilling 1796 OHK
weight 18,24gr. ; silver Ø 35mm.
mintmaster Otto Heinrich Knorre
obv. Crowned imperial eagle, 1796 above, surrounded by the
legend; .FRANCISCUS.II.D.G.ROM.IMP.SEMP.AUGUSTUS.
rev. Helmeted arms of Hamburg, O•H•K• below, surrounded
by the legend; 32 • SCHILLING. HAMBURGER. COURANT •
Hamburg was a so-called Imperial City, located within the Holy Roman Empire. As with many cities within this Empire, the right to mint coins was granted by the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and the emperors′ names are mentioned on the coins. The origins of the Holy Roman Empire date back to the 9th century. In 1806, it was officially dissolved, making Franz II the last emperor of this Empire.
KM.509 ; J.37 ; Gaedechens 653 ; Schön 81
Splendid uncirculated lustrous coin. Mintstate. Very attractive.
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GERMANY - HESSEN-KASSEL, KURFÜRSTENTUM - FRIEDRICH II, 1760-1785 - Gulden or 2/3 Reichstaler 1767 F.U.
weight 14,00gr. ; silver Ø 34mm.
King George III of England was well connected with Frederick II (1760 to 1785) of Hesse-Cassel, as "Freddy" married Princess Mary, daughter of George II. Furthermore, George I was from the Holy Roman Empire (Germany). In other words, many kings and queens, and princes and princesses, were all related. When your relative asks you a favor, say the king of England, you kinda go along with his wishes. Freddy had done exactly that, not out of loyalty but for money. Freddy the Rex was a real greedy bastard. He makes millions out of this deal and sends his army to the colonies in 1776.
KM.488 ; Schön 123 ; Hoffmeister 2354 ; Schütz 1869
Very attractive toning.
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GERMANY - JÜLICH-KLEVE-BERG, HERZOGTUM - WILHELM V DER REICHE, 1539-1592 - Taler n.d. (circa 1554-1560), Mülheim
weight 28,89gr. ; silver Ø 42mm.
mintmaster Johann Bitter von Raesfeld
mintmark branche with leaves
obv. Armoured half-length figure of Wilhelm with beret within double lined
circle. In the outer circle the text; IN•DEO•SPES•MEA•GVILHELMVS•D•G (mm)
"God is my hope, William by the grace of god"
rev. Ornated coat of arms within circle; bbove from left: Jülich, Cleves, Berg,
below from left: Mark & Ravensberg. In the outer circle the text;
DVX◦IVL◦CLIV◦ET◦BERG◦COM◦MAR◦RA (mm)
= IVLiaci.CLIVia.ET.BERGensis.COMes.MARca.RAvensberg (mm.)
"Duke of Jülich, Cleves & Berg, Count of Mark & Ravensberg"
Legend and arms indicate the countries William had united: From his father he inherited the duchy of Cleves-Mark, from his mother the duchy of Jülich-Berg, to which Ravensberg was affiliated. These unconnected German countries had come together by marriage. William′s son died without male heirs in 1609 and a long struggle between several claiming houses began. Finally, Brandenburg took over Cleves, Mark and Ravensburg while Pfalz-Neuburg acquired Berg and Jülich.
Noss 300a ; Slg. Hensgen 288 ; Frankfurter Münzhandel Auktion 142, 109 ;
Münzen & Medaillen Auktion 20, 1151 ; KM.12 ; Davenport 8931
Some weakness of strike and light scratches. Attractive toning. Rare.
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GERMANY - JÜLICH-BERG, HERZOGTUM - JOHANN WILHELM II, 1679-1716 - 2/3 Taler or Gulden 1691, Mülheim
weight 16,49gr. ; silver Ø 37mm.
Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine ("Jan Willem van de Palts" in Low German, English: "John William"; 19 April 1658 – 8 June 1716) of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Elector Palatine (1690–1716), Duke of Neuburg (1690–1716), Duke of Jülich and Berg (1679–1716), and Duke of Upper Palatinate and Cham (1707–1714). From 1697 onwards Johann Wilhelm was also Count of Megen (NL).
He was the son of Count Palatine Philip William of Neuburg and Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt and was born in Düsseldorf, where he resided, rather than in Heidelberg, which had been largely destroyed by French troops during the Nine Years′ War. He was educated by the Jesuits and in 1674 he made a grand tour to Italy. He married Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria in 1678. She was a daughter of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and his third wife Eleanor of Mantua. After her death in 1689, he married Anna Maria Luisa de′ Medici, the daughter of Cosimo III de′ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. His brother was Franz Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg, his sisters were married to Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, Peter II of Portugal and Charles II of Spain.
His father ceded the duchies of Jülich and Berg to him in 1679, before he also succeeded him as Elector Palatine in 1690. In the Peace of Rijswijk (1697), he was restored to many of the possessions which had been taken by the French, with the provision that the Electorate of the Palatinate not revert to Protestantism. This provision did not make him popular in the Palatinate and with Protestants. During the War of the Spanish succession Johann Wilhelm received also the Bavarian Upper Palatinate, which was returned to Bavaria in 1714. He died in Düsseldorf and was buried in the St. Andreas Church. Having no son, Johann Wilhelm was succeeded by his brother Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine.
KM.95 ; Noss 795d ; Davenport 588 R
Minor planchet fault. Rare.
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GERMANY - KAISERSWERTH (?), KAISERLICHE MÜNZSTÄTTE - ANONYMOUS - Light denar n.d. (circa 1175-1190)
weight 0,53gr. ; silver Ø 14,5mm.
obv. Bust of St. Suitbert with cosier and book
rev. Short cross with one small cross in each angle,
surrounded by the legend; ✠ IC ✠ IA ✠ IV ✠ AI
Struck according to the light weight Utrecht standard,
and not the heavy Cologne standard.
This light denar has traditionally been attributed to Rees in the past. This coinage would have been done on behalf of the Marienstift in Rees or by the city of Rees as mint of the archbishopric of Cologne at the time of Bishop Reinald van Dassel (1159-1167). Based on find data, these light denarss must be dated somewhat later than the reign of Reinald van Dassel, namely between 1175 and 1190. Clear historical sources for this coinage, or mention of this light denar in charters are lacking. The reason for the attribution to Rees is, however, the fact that a light denar was minted there under Bishop Engelbert I (1216-1225), which shows almost the same reverse side. However, this attribution to Rees has been strongly doubted for a long time (among others by Buchenau, Prof. G.W. de Wit and R.C.M. Wientjes). Prof. G.W. de Wit argues for Arnhem as the mint, but this is generally considered very unlikely. More likely is the attribution to Kaiserswerth by R.C.M. Wientjes.
In 1174, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa moved the important Rhine toll from Tiel to Kaiserswerth, located halfway between Düsseldorf and Duisburg. In 1181, it also obtained the status of imperial city. Around 700, a Benedictine abbey was founded there on a ′weerd′, an island in the Rhine. The first abbot was a certain Suitbert, who would later become the patron saint of the city. No further information is available about Kaiserswerth as a mint, but it is very possible that at such an important toll place, the imperial mint was also moved from Tiel to Kaiserswerth. At that time, Tiel was strongly in decline and minting had already stopped at the beginning of the 12th century. These light denars are common. We also know of similar light denars with related text on the reverse, but with an emperor′s bust on the obverse. That type is traditionally attributed to Nijmegen, not far away from Kaiserswerth. That the mints of both coin types should be placed in the same region is clear. The coinage at Kaiserswerth would then have been short but intense. The obverse of this type is clearly derived from the heavy denars of the Cologne archbishops Reinald of Dassel (1159-1167) and Philips of Heinsberg (1167-1191), but in this context should be seen as the patron saint of Kaiserswerth, namely Saint Suitbert.
The connection with the Cologne coin types only benefited the acceptance of this coin type in the region and it is known that the mints in Nijmegen and Kaiserswerth minted according to Utrecht weight standard, but according to Cologne type. (JMP 1980, pp. 114-115) The text on the reverse has various compositions and is difficult to explain. Some believe that it refers to CIVITAS or CASTRA WERDA (all I′s in the text have no meaning and should be ignored), but that theory seems very dubious. It is more likely that it is a corruption of +TR+AI+EC+TV, and a denar of the Utrecht bishop Godfried van Rhenen (1156-1178) served as an example for the reverse (see van der Chijs plate V, no. 1-2).
As early as 1190, King Henry VI promised the Archbishop of Cologne that he would henceforth have only two mints in this archdiocese, namely Duisburg and Dortmund. This indicates that there were more at that time, although they are not mentioned by name. In the same charter, Henry promised to only have coins minted according to the value, shape and appearance of the Cologne ones. This therefore indicates that denars were minted that deviated from the heavy Cologne tokens. It is very possible that these light Lower Rhine denars (minted according to the Utrecht light weight standard) were the reason for this decision. This put an end to this supposed coinage at Kaiserswerth (see Beeldenaar Dec. 1978 and JMP 1980). The image of the light denar minted under Bishop Engelbert (1216-1225) (Hävernick 768) is clearly derived from this light denar from Kaiserwerth.
Hävernick 766 ; JMP.1980,pag.133.no.53 (vondst Arnhem 1950) ;
Beeldenaar 6e Jaargang, no.3 (artikel R.C.M.Wientjes) ; Slg.Bonhoff-
Struck with some minor weakness. Very attractive specimen with
excellent details and appealing toning.
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GERMANY - KLEVE, GRAFSCHAFT - DIETRICH IX, 1311-1347 - Pfenning (Köpfchen) n.d., Kalkar
weight 0,45gr. ; silver Ø 14mm.
obv. Head of count Dietrich left, within circle of dots,
surrounded by the legend; ✠ ThE:COME:CLE
rev. Long cross pattée placed over circle of dots, between the
arms of the cross the legend; MO - NE - TA - CAL
Kalkar is an old small city in the district of Kleve, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the Rhine, approx. 10 km south-east of Cleves. The first settlement in the area around Kalkar dates back to before the beginning of the Common Era. It was situated on the limes, and the Romans built a castellum at Xanten, nearby Kalkar. Around 1020, Emperor Henry II (1014-1024) decided to grant territory to two noble brothers from Flanders, who had recently lost their land and possessions to the Count of Flanders. As compensation, both brothers received a portion of the territory that had become available after the breakup of the County of Hamaland; Gerard Flamens received territory that would develop into the County (later Duchy) of Gelre, while Rutger Flamens received territory that would develop into the County (later Duchy) of Cleve. The core of the original county consisted of Cleves, Kalkar, and Monreberg. Later, the area was expanded at the expense of the Electorate of Cologne. In the thirteenth century, the territory expanded on the right bank of the Rhine (Wesel, Duisburg, the Lordship of Dinslaken). In the fourteenth century, Emmerich was added. In 1417 the County of Cleves was elevated to a duchy. When the line of the Duchy of Cleves died out in 1609, the city went over to the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
Munna Castle, nearby Kalkar was built on the Monreberg around the middle of the 10th century, but was destroyed again soon after the turn of the millennium. Count Dietrich VI of Cleves had a new castle built, Monterberg, which is first mentioned in a document from 1265. Repeatedly destroyed in the meantime, the castle served as a widow′s residence for the Countesses and Duchesses of Cleves in the 14th and 15th centuries. Mary of Burgundy, who lived at Monterberg Castle as the widow of the Duke of Cleves, founded a Dominican monastery in 1455. There were two beguinages. Poorhouses and infirmaries were built. A Latin school existed, from which well-known scholars emerged. The humanist Konrad Heresbach, advisor to the Dukes of Cleves, lawyer, educator, and farmer, a universal thinker, lived in Kalkar for a time. Christian Sgrothen, who worked as a geographer for the Spanish King Philip II, was a citizen of Kalkar.
Kalkar was founded by Dirk VI of Cleves in 1230 and received city rights in 1242. This attracted new settlers. They valued their rights as citizens of a city and were able to secure privileges. The population grew rapidly. It was one of the seven ″capitals″ of the County of Cleves. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the city was further fortified with walls and towers. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Kalkar experienced an economic boom. The basis of the city′s rapid economic growth was, in particular, wool weaving. West of the city, the Gocher Heide offered good conditions for sheep farming. In Kalkar, fabrics for everyday use were primarily produced. Finer cloths came from Flanders. A so-called Gewandhaus, the guild hall of the cloth weavers, was built in front of the town hall. Other important economic sectors were the grain trade and numerous breweries. Kalkar became prosperous. Measured by tax capacity, it ranked third among the Cleves towns, ahead of the residential city of Cleves, and behind Wesel and Emmerich. From 1540 to 1572, Kalkar was a member of the Hanseatic League , as a ″side town″ of Wesel. The most important historical buildings include the Gothic town hall, St. Nicolai Church and the historic town windmill. Around 1580, Kalkar reached its highest population – around 5,000 inhabitants, more than many of today′s major cities had at that time.
However, by the end of the 16th century, the most important branch of Kalkar′s economy, cloth-making, had long since passed its peak. Severe blows of fate; epidemics, wars, and fires, accelerated the town′s decline. Kalkar never recovered from the blows it suffered in the 17th century. By 1730, it had only 2,000 inhabitants.
This Pfennig or Köpfchen is an imitation of the Dutch penning (kopje)
of Jan I (1296-1299) or Willem III of Holland (1304-1337). Very rare.
provenance: found in 1999 with a metaldetector at Cothen (NL)
Noss 42aa ; van Hengel, 1986, pag. 68, no.10var. ;
Slg. Weygand 704 ; van Hengel, 1998, 1.6.04 RR
a very attractive specimen with full legible legends
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GERMANY - KLEVE, HERZOGTUM - JOHANN II, 1481-1521 - Stüber, ½ Feuereisen or Wocheie 1503, Wesel
weight 1,92gr. ; silver Ø 25,5mm.
obv. Arms of Kleve, W above, within reeded circle, surrounded
by the legend; ✠ IOhS′⁎ DVX⁎CLIVENS′⁎ Z⁎CO⁎MAR′
rev. Long cross pattée placed over a reeded circle with
arms of Mark in the centre, surrounded by the legend;
RЄDDI - TЄ⋆DEO - QVЄ⋆DЄ - I⋆SV⋆1503
"Reddite Deo quae Dei sunt" means "Give to God what is God′s," a core part of the famous biblical phrase, "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar′s, and to God the things that are God′s" (from Matthew 22:21, Mark 12:17). It signifies the separation of temporal (Caesar′s) and spiritual (God′s) duties, emphasizing our obligation to honor both earthly authorities and divine commandments.
Noss 176 ; MB.6 ; Schulten 1470 ; Slg. Erich Hensgen 220 R
Some minor edge damage and scratches and light traces of oxidation.
A rare coin type.
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GERMANY - KLEVE, HERZOGTUM - JOHANN II, 1481-1521 - Schwanenstüber n.d. (ca. 1503), Emmerich
weight 1,98gr. ; silver Ø 26mm.
obv. Swan turned left holding shielded arms of Kleve and Mark,
within reeded circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ IOhS′⁎ DVX⁎CLIVENS′⁎ Z⁎CO′⁎MARK′
rev. Long cross pattée, endings decorated with leaves, placed over
a reeded circle with lily in the centre, in the angles: Є - M - R - I
surrounded by the legend; CLA′ - VI⋆AD - (DO⋆Z⋆Є) - XA⋆M⋆
"Clamavi ad dominum et exaudivit me" is a Latin phrase from the Psalms, meaning "I cried out to the Lord, and He heard me," expressing deep prayer, distress, and the assurance of divine response, often associated with Psalm 3 or 130 (De Profundis) and representing a cry for help answered by God′s deliverance.
cf. Noss 218 ; MB.46 ; Schulten 1466 ; Slg. Erich Hensgen - ;
Sammlung Rheinland und Westfalen, Münzen & Medaillen,
Auktion 20, Lot 1340-1341var. R
Struck with weaknesses. Rare.
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GERMANY - KLEVE, HERZOGTUM - JOHANN II, 1481-1521 - Schwanenstüber 1503, Emmerich
weight 1,97gr. ; silver Ø 25,5mm.
obv. Swan turned left holding shielded arms of Kleve and Mark,
within reeded circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ IOhS′⁎ DVX⁎CLIVENS′⁎ Z⁎CO′⁎MAR′
rev. Long cross pattée, endings decorated with leaves, placed over
a reeded circle with lily in the centre, in the angles: Є - M - R - I
surrounded by the legend; CLA′ - VI⋆AD - (DO′⋆Z⋆Є) - XA⋆M′3′⋆
"Clamavi ad dominum et exaudivit me" is a Latin phrase from the Psalms, meaning "I cried out to the Lord, and He heard me," expressing deep prayer, distress, and the assurance of divine response, often associated with Psalm 3 or 130 (De Profundis) and representing a cry for help answered by God′s deliverance.
Noss 218 ; MB.46 ; Schulten 1466 ; Slg. Erich Hensgen - ;
Sammlung Rheinland und Westfalen, Münzen & Medaillen,
Auktion 20, Lot 1340-1341 R
Struck with weaknesses and small piece broken from the edge.
Rare.
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - HERMANN II (1036-1056) & EMPEROR CONRAD II (1027-1039) - Denar n.d. (1036-1039), Köln
weight 1,58gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
obv. Church with inside the legend: COLO / NIA, flanked by
small circles with dot below, surrounded by the legend;
HAMAMANNARCHEPS
rev. Short cross pattée within dotted circle, surrounded
by the legend; ✠CRADIN(.)ADVS IMP
As usual, the legends of this type are blundered.
Hermann II was born circa 995 as a younger son of Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia (c. 955–1034), and Mathilde (979–1025), thereby entering the Ezzonid dynasty, a Lotharingian noble lineage with roots tracing to the ninth century and extensive holdings along the Rhine and in the Meuse region. Ezzo derived his power from palatine authority under the Ottonians, managing imperial estates and wielding influence in Lotharingian politics, while Mathilde′s parentage as daughter of Emperor Otto II (955–983) and Theophanu linked the family to the imperial Ottonian house, enhancing their status amid dynastic transitions.
Hermann served as Archbishop of Cologne from August 1036 until his deathin 1056. As imperial chancellor for Italian affairs from around 1034 and later archchancellor under Emperors Conrad II and Henry III, he played a key role in royal administration, accompanying Conrad II on his 1037 Italian campaign and supporting Henry III amid Lotharingian unrest and familial rebellions. Hermann bolstered the Cologne archdiocese′s authority by hosting Pope Leo IX in 1049, securing extensive privileges, including the right to crown German kings within his diocese, and by baptizing and crowning Henry IV in 1051 and 1054, respectively; he also advanced ecclesiastical interests through monastic endowments like the transfer of Brauweiler Abbey to Cologne in 1051 and the foundation of Stift Mariengraden. His tenure reflected close church-imperial synergy, including advocacy for episcopal appointments such as Wazo of Liège and involvement in synods addressing papal instability, though he died on 11 February 1056 amid a prolonged illness and was interred in Cologne Cathedral.
Conrad II, founder of the Salian dynasty, was born ca. 990 to Count Henry of Speyer and Adelheid of Alsace, Conrad was a descendant of the Saxon house through his great-grandfather. Despite his noble lineage, he was left poor after his father was passed over for his inheritance. He received little formal education while being raised by the Bishop of Worms, remaining unable to read or write throughout his life. In 1016, he married Gisela of Swabia, a wealthy and intelligent widow. Although their marriage was initially controversial under canon law, it provided the political connections and wealth necessary for his ascent.
Following the death of Henry II in 1024, Conrad was elected German king. He quickly secured his authority, being crowned King of Italy in 1026 and Holy Roman Emperor in Rome on Easter 1027. To celebrate his election, he commissioned the construction of Speyer Cathedral in 1030, which became the burial place for the Salian dynasty. Conrad became the first ruler of the High Middle Ages to unite the three kingdoms of Germany, Italy, and Burgundy under one crown. He issued a new set of feudal constitutions in Italy that protected the rights of lesser nobles (valvassores) against more powerful lords, further stabilizing his rule. Conrad II died of gout in Utrecht on 4 June 1039. He had meticulously prepared for his succession by having his son, Henry III, elected and anointed king as early as 1028, ensuring a smooth transition of power and a stable empire for his heir. His entrails were interred in the Utrecht Cathedral, and the famous cross of churches was likely built in his honor (the Cathedral in the city center, surrounded by the Pieterskerk, Paulusabdij, Mariakerk, and Janskerk). His remains were interred in the Cathedral of Spiers.
Emperor Conrad, mentioned on the side with the cross, is considered to be superior in authority to Archbishop Hermann. For that reason traditionally, that side, with the cross, is considered the obverse. However, I believe that Christian symbolism was held in higher esteem in medieval thinking than secular figures, such as the emperor. Therefore, I consider the church building, an ultimate Christian symbol, to be the obverse, and I believe medieval people also saw it that way. Visually, it also makes more sense.
cf. Hävernick 251 ; cf. Slg. Bonhoff 1549 ; cf. Dannenberg 385 ;
cf. Kluge, Salier 364 ; cf. Numista 108903
some minor weakness and struck with slightly shifted dies,
but overall a very attractive specimen, certainly for the type
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GERMANY - KÖLN,ERZBISTUM - ANNO II, 1056 - 1075 - Denar n.d., Köln (?)
weight 1,48gr. ; silver Ø 19,5mm.
obv. Bust facing with crosier within dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✠ ANN☉•ARCHIЄTC
rev. Building with large central tower flanked bij twee smaller towers,
within dotted circle, surrounded by the legend; ✠ •IMA✠C☉LONIAЄ•
Anno II was the son of a Swabian peer. He struck yet a small issue with the emperors title. Struck coins in Andernach and Rees. Rebellion oft he citozens of Cologne in 1074, bloodily struck down with an army raised in Neuss. Many impulses in comtemporal art emanate from him. Historian gave him the epithet ″the saint″. Anno was one oft he most influential bishops of Cologne. Contemporaries called him ″Die Blüte und das Licht Deutschlands″ - the blossom and the light of Germany. He extended the territory towards the south. Under him the citizens revolted against the, until then unquestioned, domination oft he town by the archbishops. This revolt was led by rich merchants and the immediate cause was the requisitioning of a ship. The gruesomeness oft he punishment tot he city stood glaring contrast to his piety at the foundation of churches and monasteries. The relationship between citizens and church remained bad. He died on 4 December 1075 in Siegburg and was canonized in 1183 by Pope Lucius III.
variants: all O′s have a central dot inside (☉), with ARCHIЄTC instead
of ARCHIЄPC, with C☉LONIAЄ instead of he usual COLONIЄ,
with •IMA✠ instead of the usual IMAGO. Unpublished as such.
Therefore extremely rare.
Given these unusual deviations, this coin was possibly not minted in Cologne,
but in one of the other cities within the archdiocese. Highly interesting.
cf. Hävernick 338 ; cf. Kluge, Salier 367 ; cf. Slg. Bonhoff 1560-1569 ;
cf. Dannenberg 399 ; cf. Numista 373147 RRR
minted with some minor weaknesses
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - PHILIPP VON HEINSBERG, 1167-1191 - Denar n.d.Denar n.d., Köln
weight 1,38gr. ; silver Ø 18,5mm.
obv. Enthroned Archbishop with mitra, holding crozier in right hand
and book of gospels in left, within dotted circle, surrounded by the
legend; ✠ PHILIPPVS ARCHI ЄPC
rev. City view with walls, city-gate, towers, and cathedral within dotted
circle, surrounded by the legend; ✠ SANCTA COLONIA
Hävernick 573 ; Slg.Bonhoff 1584 ; Slg. de Wit 1995 ; Numista 106904
Some weakly struck parts. Attractive toning.
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - KONRAD VON HOCHSTADEN, 1238-1261 - Pfennig n.d. (1248-1261), Köln
weight 1,36gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
obv. Mitred enthroned archbishop half-right, holding crozier
and book of Gospels, within circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ CONRADVS ARCHIEP C
rev. Column-capital, bove it two arches, thereon a tower with cross in the
lower opening, to each side a cross-topped flag, within circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✠ SANCTA COLONIA
Coined on the laying of the foundation stone of Cologne cathedral.
Denar geprägt auf die Grundsteinlegung des Kölner Domes;
Die Domgründungsgedenkmünzen sind ab der Gründung des Domes am Tage vor Maria Himmelfahrt 1248 bis Ende der Regierungszeit Konrads 1261 geprägt. Das bedeutende Ereignis hielt in der Bevölkerung noch lange nach und der breite, neue Münztyp erfreute sind der Nachfrage. Das eiserne Kästchen symbolisiert in der Hand des Erzbischofs das Behältnis in dem die Grundsteinlegungsurkunde vermauert wurde. Die großen Pilgerströme, die zu dem weltberühmten Heiligtum, dem von Philipp von Heinsberg in Auftrag gegebenen Sarkophag mit den Gebeinen der Heilige Drei Könige kamen, hatten ebenfalls großes Interesse an diesen Sondermünzen. Die Gebeine der drei Heiligen waren 1163 unter Erzbischof Reinald von Dassel von Mailand zunächst nach Remagen gekommen, von wo sie 1164 von Philipp von Heinsberg nach Köln überführt wurden. Der 1189 etwa fertiggestellte “kostbarste Schrein der Welt“ war während des Baues des heutigen Doms im alten, Romanischen Dom aufgestellt, da nur soviel wie aus Platzgründen nötig, der alte Dom abgetragen wurde.
Hävernick 683 ; Slg.Bonhoff 1595 ; Lückger pag.59-61 R
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - SIEGFRIED VON WESTERBURG, 1275-1297 - Denar n.d., Soest
weight 1,39gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Enthroned Archbishop with mitra, holding crozier in left hand
and book of gospels in right, within dotted circle, surrounded by the
legend; ✠ SIPRIIS - (ЄPIS COL)
rev. Church building with pointy roof and two side towers, lily on top of
roof, within dotted circle, surrounded by the legend; CIV - TASS - …..S
Interesting and rare textvariant.
cf. Hävernick 1029 ; 573 ; cf. Slg.Bonhoff 1644-1645 ;
cf. Slg. de Wit 2039 ; cf. Numista 112023
Slightly struck off-centre, but overall very attractive for the type.
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - FRIEDRICH III VON SAARWERDEN, 1370-1414 - Goldgulden n.d. (1374-1376), Deutz
weight 3,51gr. ; gold Ø 21,5mm.
obv. Half-length figure seated on gothic style throne, golding a cross-scepter
and a bible, two shields of Saarwerden and Minzenberg below separated by a dot.
Around the legend; FRIDRIC - ARЄPSCO
rev. Shielded arms within sexfoil, three dots between the bows, within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; ⁺SACRI•IMPЄII:PЄR:ITALARCII+
On this remarkable coin Friedrich has the title of ″Archicancellarius per Italiam″. The offices of Archchancellor belonged to the so-called Erzämtern in the Holy Roman Empire and were subject to the spiritual electors. While most were political of purely ceremonial, the position of Archchancellor of Germany remained to the end of the Empire of political importance. Since 965 the Office of Archchancellor was mostly associated with the Archbishop of Mainz, however in later centuries the offices of Archchancellor were in the hands of the three spiritual electors; the Archbishop of Cologne was Archchancellor for the Kingdom of Italy (Archicancellarius per Italiam), the Archbishop of Trier was Archchancellor for Germania (Archicancellarius per Germaniam) and the Archbishop of Mainz was Archchancellor of Burgundy (Archicancellarius per Galliam). While the offices of Archchancellor of Burgundy and Italy lost any weight since the middle ages, had the Imperial Archchancellor for Germany up to the end of the Empire-important functions and constitutionally considered the second man of the Empire after the emperor. His Deputy was the Deputy Chancellor. In fact the nowadays Bundeskanzler has it′s origin in the medieval Archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Felke 437B ; Noss 181var. ; Friedberg 789 RR
Very minor flan crack. Attractive coin with fine details.
Very rare variety.
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - FRIEDRICH III VON SAARWERDEN, 1370-1414 - Goldgulden n.d. (1399-1402), Bonn
weight 3,39gr. ; gold Ø 22mm.
obv. Saint John with sceptre, cross on globe between feet, in dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✠FRIDICVS - ARPVS COLN
rev. Arms of Saarwerden surrounded by the shields of Köln, Mainz,
Pfalz (Bayern) and Trier, all within double lined quatrefoil with trefoils between
the arches, surrounded by the legend; ✠ PER ITAL ARCAN MONETA BVN
On this remarkable coin Friedrich has the title of ″Archicancellarius per Italiam″. The offices of Archchancellor belonged to the so-called Erzämtern in the Holy Roman Empire and were subject to the spiritual electors. While most were political of purely ceremonial, the position of Archchancellor of Germany remained to the end of the Empire of political importance. Since 965 the Office of Archchancellor was mostly associated with the Archbishop of Mainz, however in later centuries the offices of Archchancellor were in the hands of the three spiritual electors; the Archbishop of Cologne was Archchancellor for the Kingdom of Italy (Archicancellarius per Italiam), the Archbishop of Trier was Archchancellor for Germania (Archicancellarius per Germaniam) and the Archbishop of Mainz was Archchancellor of Burgundy (Archicancellarius per Galliam). While the offices of Archchancellor of Burgundy and Italy lost any weight since the middle ages, had the Imperial Archchancellor for Germany up to the end of the Empire-important functions and constitutionally considered the second man of the Empire after the emperor. His Deputy was the Deputy Chancellor. In fact the nowadays Bundeskanzler has it′s origin in the medieval Archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Remarkable type with globecross between the legs (nomally only a cross),
and the sizes of the five shields on the reverse are of the same size.
Normally the central shield is much bigger the the four other shields.
Well-struck coin with excellent details. Extremely rare.
cf. Künker, Auktion 422, Lot 2927 (in xf € 3.250,- incl. commission)
Felke 669 ; Noss 229 ; cf. Friedberg 792a RRR
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - FRIEDRICH III VON SAARWERDEN, 1370-1414 - Goldgulden n.d. (1404), Bonn
weight 3,51gr. ; gold Ø 22mm.
obv. Saint Peter seated facing on Gothic throne turned slightly right,
holding cross and key, small coat-of arms of Saarwerden at feet,
surrounded by the legend; MONЄTA: - BVNЄNSI
rev. Coat-of-arms of the Archdiocese of Cologne, with escutcheon of
Saarwerden over trefoil with three coats-of-arms of Saarwerden on petals,
within circle, surrounded by the legend; • FRIDIC - •VS ARP - •VS COIN
Friedrich (Frederick) was born in 1348 in Saarwerden (Sarrewerden, Bas-Rhin, France) to Count Johann II of Saarwerden and his wife Klara of Finstingen (Vinstingen). The Counts of Saarwerden had their seat in the eponymous town of Sarrewerden on the upper Saar. While his brother Heinrich was destined to succeed him in the county, Frederick was destined at the age of ten for a career as a clerical and secular prince of the church and was therefore placed in the care of his second-degree uncle, the archbishop of Trier, Kuno II of Falkenstein. In 1366, the latter was appointed coadjutor of the archbishop of Cologne, Engelbert III of the Mark, by the Cologne cathedral chapter and now sought to provide his second-degree nephew with a favorable position in Cologne. Thus Kuno obtained for Frederick some lucrative Cologne benefices, namely the provostship in the stift St. Maria ad Gradus as well as a canonry. He did not need to hold these offices personally while still studying canon law at the University of Bologna.
On 25 August 1368, Archbishop Engelbert III died. Kuno von Falkenstein initially continued to administer the archbishopric, because the cathedral chapter appointed him already on 28 August as momper or administrator for the time of the sede vacante. Immediately Kuno tried to build up his nephew 2nd degree Frederick as the new archbishop. He also obtained a postulation from the cathedral chapter, although not unanimous, i.e. a proposal for appointment, since the appointment of the archbishop at that time already belonged to the pope. Pope Urban V at the Avignon Papacy, however, rejected this request on 7 November 1368: Frederick was too young, only 20 years old, he had not yet reached the canonical age of 30, was inexperienced in ecclesiastical matters, and his person and way of life were still completely unknown to the Curia. The Pope′s request for the appointment of the Archbishop was rejected. In addition, Emperor Charles IV wanted the ecclesiastical electorates to be filled with suitable candidates for the planned election of his son Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia as King of the Romans and pressed the Pope, who for his part was dependent on imperial support to regain the Papal States. In his letter of refusal to Frederick von Saarwerden, the pope therefore transferred his great uncle Kuno from Trier to Cologne, John of Luxembourg-Ligny, the relative and Protégé of Emperor Charles, from Strasbourg to Trier, and Frederick von Saarwerden to Strasbourg.
In the summer of 1370, Kuno von Falkenstein initiated a second and this time unanimous supplication of the cathedral chapter to the pope for the appointment of Frederick von Saarwerden. Frederick immediately traveled to the papal court and won the pope over, so that he received his appointment on 13 November 1370. With confirmation by the Pope delayed until 1372. Inheriting a deeply indebted archdiocese from predecessors, Frederick successfully cleared the debt within a few years, aided by his great-uncle Kuno II. He focused heavily on securing the financial and military stability of the Electorate of Cologne. He died in Bonn on 8 April 1414 at the age of 66, and is buried in Cologne Cathedral. He was succeeded by Dietrich (Theodoric) II of Moers.
Felke 708-709var. ; Noss 238var. ; Friedberg 790b
Struck with some minor weaknesses.
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - DIETRICH II VON MÖRS, 1414-1463 – Weisspfennig n.d. (1419), Riel
weight 1,44gr. ; silver Ø 25mm.
mintmark; crescent with dot
obv. Nimbate St. Peter facing slightly to right. with cross-staff
and key of Heaven′s Gate in Gothic - style portal, within dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; THЄODIC⋆ARCOPI⋆COLO′
rev. Quartered coat of arms center, in 4-lobed border; coat of arms in
each lobe, center: Cologne-Moers, up to down: Mainz, Trier, Bavaria
and Jülich, within dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
✿MON′ - ✿NOV′ - ✿RIL✿ - ✿ЄNS✿
Noss 290
some minor edge damage
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GERMANY - KÖLN, ERZBISTUM - SALENTIN VON ISENBURG, 1567-1577 - Goldgulden 1570, Deutz
weight 3,28gr. ; silver Ø 22mm.
obv. Full-length facing figure of St. Peter advancing to right,
with a key on his shoulder and a closed book, divides date 15 - 70,
within circle, surrounded by the legend;
•SALENTIN•ELEC - VS•ECCLES•COLO
rev. Small shield of Isenburg arms superimposed on cross of Cologne
in heart-shaped decorated shield, within circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ MONE - TA•NOVA - •AVREA• - RENE′, in the inscription the coats
of arms of Trier, Palatinate and Mainz.
Salentin, Count of Isenburg, is undoubtedly one of the most notable figures on the Electorate of Cologne. He was born around 1532, the son of Count Heinrich von Isenburg-Grenzau and Countess Margarethe von Wertheim. After studying at the University of Cologne, he became a canon in Mainz, Cologne, and Strasbourg. He was elected archbishop on 23 December 1567, by a vote of 14 to 7 against Heinrich von Sayn. Emperor Maximilian bestowed the regalia on him, and the Pope confirmed him.
After the death of Bishop Johann von Hoya of Paderborn, he was appointed administrator there. He redeemed the castles and holdings pledged under his predecessors, such as Nerdingen, Brilon, Wichterich near Lechenich, Hornenburg Castle, and Recklinghausen, the latter for 17,680 gold guilders. In Paderborn, he founded the so-called ″Salentine Gymnasium.″ In Bonn, he built a new castle between the Stockheim Gate and the old toll house, but by 1826, as Süss tells us, nothing remained of it.
Salentin was able to make his decisions with great freedom. This gave him the opportunity to implement his reform plans. Graf (Cologne 1937) reports his participation in the Reichstag of Speyer in 1570, during which he discussed the succession in Cologne with the Emperor and the Duke of Alva, as well as with emissaries of the Duke in Bavaria. There, he confided to Count John of Nassau that he would like to see Duke Ernst of Bavaria as his successor in return for a corresponding contribution from the advocates. But it didn′t turn out that way. We know that this Reichstag produced the most important results for both his life and his reign. The ancient Isenburg family had since lost its descendants. Therefore, Salentin had long considered resigning. He actually did so on 13 September 1577. The widowed Countess Margarethe von Aremberg, by birth Countess von der Mark, became his wife on 10 December 1577, in Bonn. She bore him two sons, who also died childless; thus, the extinction of his house could only delay the process. Salentin now administered his County of Isenburg, where we last hear of him in a document from 1603. He died on 19 March 1610, and was buried in the Isenburg Abbey in Rommersdorf.
From this one-year-type only approximately 24.000 pieces were minted.
Very rare.
Noss 74 ; Friedberg 811 ; MB.231
minor flancrack
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GERMANY - KÖLN, REICHSSTADT - MAXIMILIAN II, 1564-1576 - Goldgulden 1567
weight 3,17gr. ; gold Ø 23mm.
mintmaster Ludwig Gronwalt
obv. Crowned imperial eagle, imperial orb on chest, within dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; ∘ MAXI ∘ II ∘ ROM ∘ IMP ∘ SEM ∘ AVG ∘
rev. Pointed quatrefoil with small protruding points in between,
placed over dotted circle, within which a slightly curved city shield
is surrounded by four small shields that are placed within the points
of the quatrefoil. These are, clockwise, the shields of Mainz (12 o′clock),
Trier, Bavaria and Cologne, surrounded by the legend;
✫MON✫ - ✫AVR✫ - ✫REN✫ - ✫1567✫
In May 1567, the last probationary day took place in the Minorite monastery in Cologne. From then on, the Lower Rhine-Westphalian district generally conducted its coin business there. Since then, we have fairly complete information about the types and quantities struck by the city. From this date approximately 10,000 pieces were minted. Very rare.
Noss 121 ; MB.204 ; Friedberg 759 ; Numista 422380 RR
Very attractive specimen with excellent details.
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GERMANY - KÖLN, REICHSSTADT - FERDINAND II, 1619-1637 - 8 Albus 1636
weight 3,39gr. ; silver Ø 28mm.
obv. Linear undecorated square with in side the text;
✶VIII✶ // ALBVS // COLSCH within linaer and reeded circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✶FERDINAND•III•D:G•ROM•SEM•AVG
rev. City arms between the three king′s shields, 1636 above,
within linaer and reeded circle, surrounded by the legend;
CASPAR / MELCHIO / BALTHAS
Although this coin bears the date 1636, it was probably minted in 1637. The coin already bears the title of Ferdinand III, who only became Holy Roman Emperor on 15 February 1637. In the years 1636-1637, a total of approximately 21,000 Eight Albus coins were minted in various designs. This one is among the rarest. Rare.
Noss 379 ; cf. KM.342 ; Numista 89219var. R
struck with some weaknesses
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GERMANY - KÖLN, REICHSSTADT - FERDINAND II, 1619-1637 - 4 Albus or Blaffert 1632
weight 2,71gr. ; silver Ø 25,5mm.
obv. Crowned imperial eagle, imperial orb on chest, within dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; FERDINAND•II•D:G•RO•IM•SE•AVG•
rev. City arms with three crowns above two intertwined arabesques in
ornate shield, •1632• above, within dotted circle, ✶4•ALB✶below,
surrounded by the legend; IMPERIALIS•CIVIT•COLO:
From this date circa 61.000 pieces were minted.
Noss 349 ; KM.334 ; Numista 93136
struck with some minor weaknesses
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GERMANY - KÖLN, REICHSSTADT - FERDINAND II, 1619-1637 - 4 Albus or Blaffert 1634
weight 2,47gr. ; silver Ø 25mm.
obv. Crowned imperial eagle, imperial orb on chest, within dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; FERDINAND•II•D:G•RO•IM•SE•AVG•
rev. City arms with three crowns above two intertwined arabesques in
ornate shield, 1632 above, within dotted circle, ✶4 ALB✶below,
surrounded by the legend; IMPERIALIS•CIVIT•COLON
From this date circa 67.000 pieces were minted.
Noss 358 ; KM.334 ; Numista 93136
this coin is partially weakly minted
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Konstanz is a very old city in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany, located at the western end of Lake Constance. The river Rhine, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years. The area of Konstanz was settled by the Romans, possibly as early as 40 AD, and may have been called Drusomagus. A major reason for the Romans will certainly have been its strategic location on the Rhine River. The name Konstanz (originally Constantia) is believed to be derived from the Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus, who fortified the area around 300 AD. Following the Roman Empire′s decline, the Alemanni tribe controlled the area, and a bishopric was established in Konstanz in the 6th century. The city became a center for the church, with a significant portion of the population exempt from taxes due to their clerical status.
Konstanz thrived as a trading hub, particularly known for its linen trade. The city was granted market rights in the 10th century and became a free imperial city in 1192, meaning it was directly under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, not local lords. The city is particularly known for hosting the Council of Constance, from 1414 to 1418, a significant event in church history. This 16th ecumenical council addressed the Western Schism and other important religious matters.The Reformation led to religious tensions. Konstanz initially embraced the Reformation but later became Catholic again and fell under Austrian rule after being part of the Schmalkaldic League. In 1805 it became part of the Duchy of Baden. |
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GERMANY - KONSTANZ, BISTUM - EBERHARD II VON WALDBURG-THANN,1248-1274 - Brakteat n.d.
weight 0,49gr. ; silver Ø 22mm.
obv. Bust with crozier and lily-sceptre
rev. Incusum of the obverse
Konstanz is a very old city in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany, located at the western end of Lake Constance. The river Rhine, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years. The area of Konstanz was settled by the Romans, possibly as early as 40 AD, and may have been called Drusomagus. A major reason for the Romans will certainly have been its strategic location on the Rhine River. The name Konstanz (originally Constantia) is believed to be derived from the Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus, who fortified the area around 300 AD. Following the Roman Empire′s decline, the Alemanni tribe controlled the area, and a bishopric was established in Konstanz in the 6th century. The city became a center for the church, with a significant portion of the population exempt from taxes due to their clerical status.
Konstanz thrived as a trading hub, particularly known for its linen trade. The city was granted market rights in the 10th century and became a free imperial city in 1192, meaning it was directly under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, not local lords. The city is particularly known for hosting the Council of Constance, from 1414 to 1418, a significant event in church history. This 16th ecumenical council addressed the Western Schism and other important religious matters.The Reformation led to religious tensions. Konstanz initially embraced the Reformation but later became Catholic again and fell under Austrian rule after being part of the Schmalkaldic League. In 1805 it became part of the Duchy of Baden.
Cahn 57 ; Berger 2489 ; Klein-Ulmer 26 ; Slg.Bonhoff 1811 ;
Kerstner Museum 2489 ; Slg.Wüthrich 234
Wonderful coin with excellent details. Near mintstate.
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GERMANY - KONSTANZ, BISTUM - HUGO VON HOHENLANDENBERG, 1496-1532 - Batzen n.d. (circa 1515)
weight 3,49gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
obv. Imperial eagle, head to left, within circle, surrounded by the legend;
✿ MAXIMILIANVS:ROMANORV:RЄX
rev. 4-fold arms of Constance and Hohenlandenberg within circle,
surrounded by the legend; ❆MONЄTA:ЄPI:CONSTANCIЄNSIS
Struck in name of Roman King Maximilian I von Habsburg (1486-1519).
Hugo von Hohenlandenberg was born around the year 1457 in Oberwinterthur, near Zurich. He was born into a wealthy aristocratic family, which owned estates near Zurich. Like many younger sons from aristocratic families, Hugo entered the Church early in life. His first known Church position came in 1484 when he was appointed provost of Saint Mary′s at Erfurt. He was later a canon at Basel, Constanz, and Chur from 1486 until 1492, when he was promoted to deacon. The cities are on the border of modern Germany and Switzerland. In October 1496, he was elected by the Cathedral Chapter of Konstanz as the new bishop of the diocese. He was installed as bishop in Konstanz on 18 December 1496.
At first he facilitated reforms in his diocese, and did not interfere with the spread of Reformation ideas. Hugo was in agreement with the reformer Zwingli on a number of topics, particularly on indulgences, until the latter began speaking out against other deeply entrenched church practices. Despite his best efforts, Hugo lost his battle against the rising tide of the Reformation as the Constanz reform movement steadily grew, and in 1526, Hugo and his chapter moved from the city to his castle at Meersburg, leaving the city to the followers of Martin Luther and Zwingli. He resigned his see on 5 January 1529, but resumed his duties near the end of his life due to the untimely death of his successor to the see, Balthasar Merklin. Hugo died at Meersburg on 7 January 1532 (aged 74–75)
Schulten 1703 ; Berstett 403 ; MB.32
struck with some weaknesses
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GERMANY - KONSTANZ, BISTUM - HUGO VON HOHENLANDENBERG, 1496-1532 - Batzen n.d. (circa 1515)
weight 3,03gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
obv. Imperial eagle, head to left, within circle, surrounded by the legend;
✿ MAXIMILIANVS:ROMANORV:RЄX
rev. 4-fold arms of Constance and Hohenlandenberg within circle,
surrounded by the legend; ❆MONЄTA:ЄPI:CONSTANCIЄNSIS
Struck in name of Roman King Maximilian I von Habsburg (1486-1519).
Hugo von Hohenlandenberg was born around the year 1457 in Oberwinterthur, near Zurich. He was born into a wealthy aristocratic family, which owned estates near Zurich. Like many younger sons from aristocratic families, Hugo entered the Church early in life. His first known Church position came in 1484 when he was appointed provost of Saint Mary′s at Erfurt. He was later a canon at Basel, Constanz, and Chur from 1486 until 1492, when he was promoted to deacon. The cities are on the border of modern Germany and Switzerland. In October 1496, he was elected by the Cathedral Chapter of Konstanz as the new bishop of the diocese. He was installed as bishop in Konstanz on 18 December 1496.
At first he facilitated reforms in his diocese, and did not interfere with the spread of Reformation ideas. Hugo was in agreement with the reformer Zwingli on a number of topics, particularly on indulgences, until the latter began speaking out against other deeply entrenched church practices. Despite his best efforts, Hugo lost his battle against the rising tide of the Reformation as the Constanz reform movement steadily grew, and in 1526, Hugo and his chapter moved from the city to his castle at Meersburg, leaving the city to the followers of Martin Luther and Zwingli. He resigned his see on 5 January 1529, but resumed his duties near the end of his life due to the untimely death of his successor to the see, Balthasar Merklin. Hugo died at Meersburg on 7 January 1532 (aged 74–75)
Schulten 1703 ; Berstett 403 ; MB.32
holed and slightly wavy planchet
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GERMANY - KONSTANZ, REICHSSTADT - ½ Batzen or Schilling n.d. (ca. 1423-1499)
weight 1,52gr. ; silver Ø 21mm.
obv. Saint Conrad of Parzham seated on throne in circle,
surrounded by the legend; S CONRAD - CPS′ CONST
(Sanctus Conradus Episcopus Constantiae, translation;
Saint Conrad, bishop of Constanz)
rev. Shielded city arms within trefoil with imperial eagle
under arch above in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
∘MONЄTA•CIVITATIS CONST
variant: with CPS instead of (the correct) ЄPS
Conrad was born ca. 900, a member of the powerful Welf family, son of Count Heinrich of Altdorf. After an education at the cathedral school in Constance, he became provost of Constance Cathedral and in 934 was made Bishop of Constance. It is counted as one of his achievements that he avoided becoming enmeshed in the politics of the day and reserved his energies for his episcopal duties. He was nevertheless close to Emperor Otto I, whom he accompanied to Italy in 962. Conrad made three pilgrimages to Jerusalem as well as a number to Rome. He founded a number of churches on the episcopal estates and the hospital at Kreuzlingen, named after a portion of the True Cross which Conrad brought back from Jerusalem and presented to it. Conrad died on 26 November 975.
Konstanz is a very old city in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany, located at the western end of Lake Constance. The river Rhine, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years. The area of Konstanz was settled by the Romans, possibly as early as 40 AD, and may have been called Drusomagus. A major reason for the Romans will certainly have been its strategic location on the Rhine River. The name Konstanz (originally Constantia) is believed to be derived from the Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus, who fortified the area around 300 AD. Following the Roman Empire′s decline, the Alemanni tribe controlled the area, and a bishopric was established in Konstanz in the 6th century. The city became a center for the church, with a significant portion of the population exempt from taxes due to their clerical status.
Konstanz thrived as a trading hub, particularly known for its linen trade. The city was granted market rights in the 10th century and became a free imperial city in 1192, meaning it was directly under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, not local lords. The city is particularly known for hosting the Council of Constance, from 1414 to 1418, a significant event in church history. This 16th ecumenical council addressed the Western Schism and other important religious matters.The Reformation led to religious tensions. Konstanz initially embraced the Reformation but later became Catholic again and fell under Austrian rule after being part of the Schmalkaldic League. In 1805 it became part of the Duchy of Baden.
cf. Nau 18 ; Schulten 1720 ; Numista 112651
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GERMANY - KONSTANZ, REICHSSTADT - 1 Batzen n.d. (ca. 1499-1533)
weight 3,28gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
obv. City arms in heptafoil in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
❀ MONЄTA CIVITATIS CONSTANC
(Translation: Money of the city of Constanc)
rev. Eagle with head left in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
❀ TIBI∘SOLI∘GLORIA∘ЄT∘HONOR∘
(Translation: Glory and Honor to you alone)
Konstanz is a very old city in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany, located at the western end of Lake Constance. The river Rhine, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years. The area of Konstanz was settled by the Romans, possibly as early as 40 AD, and may have been called Drusomagus. A major reason for the Romans will certainly have been its strategic location on the Rhine River. The name Konstanz (originally Constantia) is believed to be derived from the Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus, who fortified the area around 300 AD. Following the Roman Empire′s decline, the Alemanni tribe controlled the area, and a bishopric was established in Konstanz in the 6th century. The city became a center for the church, with a significant portion of the population exempt from taxes due to their clerical status.
Konstanz thrived as a trading hub, particularly known for its linen trade. The city was granted market rights in the 10th century and became a free imperial city in 1192, meaning it was directly under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, not local lords. The city is particularly known for hosting the Council of Constance, from 1414 to 1418, a significant event in church history. This 16th ecumenical council addressed the Western Schism and other important religious matters.The Reformation led to religious tensions. Konstanz initially embraced the Reformation but later became Catholic again and fell under Austrian rule after being part of the Schmalkaldic League. In 1805 it became part of the Duchy of Baden.
cf. Nau 55-60 ; Schulten 1715 ; SJ.1614 ; MB.5 ; Numista 153671
Weakly struck at some parts. Attractive toning.
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GERMANY - KONSTANZ, REICHSSTADT - 1 Batzen n.d. (ca. 1499-1533)
weight 3,08gr. ; silver Ø 26mm.
obv. City arms in heptafoil in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
❀ MONЄTA CIVITATIS CONSTANC
(Translation: Money of the city of Constanc)
rev. Eagle with head left in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
❀ ∘TIBI∘SOLI∘GLORIA∘ЄT∘HONOR∘
(Translation: Glory and Honor to you alone)
Konstanz is a very old city in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany, located at the western end of Lake Constance. The river Rhine, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years. The area of Konstanz was settled by the Romans, possibly as early as 40 AD, and may have been called Drusomagus. A major reason for the Romans will certainly have been its strategic location on the Rhine River. The name Konstanz (originally Constantia) is believed to be derived from the Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus, who fortified the area around 300 AD. Following the Roman Empire′s decline, the Alemanni tribe controlled the area, and a bishopric was established in Konstanz in the 6th century. The city became a center for the church, with a significant portion of the population exempt from taxes due to their clerical status.
Konstanz thrived as a trading hub, particularly known for its linen trade. The city was granted market rights in the 10th century and became a free imperial city in 1192, meaning it was directly under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, not local lords. The city is particularly known for hosting the Council of Constance, from 1414 to 1418, a significant event in church history. This 16th ecumenical council addressed the Western Schism and other important religious matters.The Reformation led to religious tensions. Konstanz initially embraced the Reformation but later became Catholic again and fell under Austrian rule after being part of the Schmalkaldic League. In 1805 it became part of the Duchy of Baden.
cf. Nau 55-60 ; Schulten 1715 ; SJ.1614 ; MB.5 ; Numista 153671
minor planchet faults/irregularities
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GERMANY - KONSTANZ, REICHSSTADT - 1 Batzen n.d. (ca. 1499-1533)
weight 3,29gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
obv. City arms in heptafoil in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
❀ MONЄTA CIVITATIS CONSTANC
(Translation: Money of the city of Constanc)
rev. Eagle with head left in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
❀ ∘TIBI∘SOLI∘GLORIA∘ЄT∘HONOR∘
(Translation: Glory and Honor to you alone)
Konstanz is a very old city in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany, located at the western end of Lake Constance. The river Rhine, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years. The area of Konstanz was settled by the Romans, possibly as early as 40 AD, and may have been called Drusomagus. A major reason for the Romans will certainly have been its strategic location on the Rhine River. The name Konstanz (originally Constantia) is believed to be derived from the Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus, who fortified the area around 300 AD. Following the Roman Empire′s decline, the Alemanni tribe controlled the area, and a bishopric was established in Konstanz in the 6th century. The city became a center for the church, with a significant portion of the population exempt from taxes due to their clerical status.
Konstanz thrived as a trading hub, particularly known for its linen trade. The city was granted market rights in the 10th century and became a free imperial city in 1192, meaning it was directly under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, not local lords. The city is particularly known for hosting the Council of Constance, from 1414 to 1418, a significant event in church history. This 16th ecumenical council addressed the Western Schism and other important religious matters.The Reformation led to religious tensions. Konstanz initially embraced the Reformation but later became Catholic again and fell under Austrian rule after being part of the Schmalkaldic League. In 1805 it became part of the Duchy of Baden.
cf. Nau 55-60 ; Schulten 1715 ; SJ.1614 ; MB.5 ; Numista 153671
weakly struck
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GERMANY - LÖWENSTEIN-WERTHEIM-VIRNEBURG - JOHANN KARL LUDWIG & FRIEDRICH KARL GOTTLOB, 1796-1806 - Medallic Groschen 1803
weight 0,92gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.
obv. ZUR / FREUDE / DER / JUGEND, two crossed branches below
rev. Crown lion laying right, his right paw resting on book (bible or
constitution ?), IN FREUNDEBERG above, 1803 in exergue
On the entry of Prince Georg Wilhelm Ludwig in Freudenberg. Freudenberg is located in the extreme northeast of the state of Baden-Württemberg, on the left bank of the river Main which here is the border to Bavaria. Across the river is the municipality of Collenberg. The old town of Freudenberg faces Kirschfurt, an Ortsteil of Collenberg. Freudenberg lies approximately 15 km west of Wertheim am Main, and 30 km south-east of Aschaffenburg. In 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss awarded Freudenberg to the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg. Mondfeld, Rauenberg and Wessental (previously ruled by Mainz) became part of Amt Freudenberg. In 1806, Freudenberg became a part of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
Schön- ; KM.- ; Wibel 167
Minor edge fault and some minor scratches.
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GERMANY - MAINZ, ERZBISTUM - JOHANN II VON NASSAU, 1397-1419 - Goldgulden n.d. (1399-1402), Bingen
weight 3,46gr. ; gold Ø 22mm.
obv. Saint John with cross tipped sceptre, cross below, within plain and
dotted circle, surrounded by the legend; IOhIS ARЄ - PVS MAGVT′
rev. Five arms within double lined quatrefoil, rosettes and dots at the
connection points of the arches, in circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ MONЄTA OPIDI•PINGЄNSIS
variant: horizontal line inside de P of PINGENSIS
Even before the Romans came, a Celtic (Gaulish) settlement by the name of Binge – meaning "rift", existed. In the early first century AD, Roman troops were stationed in Bingen on the Rhine Valley Road. They changed the location′s name to Bingium. There the Romans erected a wooden bridge across the Nahe and constructed a bridgehead castrum. In the 13th century, Bingen was a member of the Rhenish League of Towns. The building of Klopp Castle (Burg Klopp) in the mid 13th century could well be seen as being tied in with this development. A jewish community lived in Bingen as moneylenders in the middle of the 13th century under the jurisdiction of the archbishop of Mainz. In 1343, French Jews settled in Bingen. In 1405, the archbishop declared a moratorium on one-fifth of the debts owed to Jews by Christians, and subsequently the archbishops repeatedly extorted large sums. Noted rabbis who taught in the small community included Seligmann Oppenheim, who convened the Council of Bingen (1455–56) in an unsuccessful attempt to establish his authority over the whole of Rhineland Jewry. After the proposal was opposed by Moses Minz, the matter was referred to Isaac Isserlein, who rejected the project. The Jews were again expelled from Bingen in 1507, and did not return until the second half of the 16th century. From the Archbishop the Cathedral Chapter of Mainz acquired the town in two halves in 1424 and 1438. Until the late 18th century Bingen remained under its administration. Like many towns in the valley, Bingen suffered several town fires and wars.
The most famous person in connection with the city of Bingen,
probably is Hildegard of Bingen;
Hildegard of Bingen (ca. 1098 – 17 September 1179 (German: Hildegard von Bingen), also known as the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages. She is one of the best-known composers of sacred monophony, as well as the most recorded in modern history. She has been considered by a number of scholars to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany.
Felke 626var. ; Slg.Walther 99 ; Stadtarchiv mainz 188-IV-3var. ;
Friedberg 1617 RR
Very attractive and well-struck coin with sharp details. Very rare.
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GERMANY - MAINZ, ERZBISTUM - JOHANN II VON NASSAU, 1397-1419 - Goldgulden n.d. (1399-1402), Höchst
weight 3,44gr. ; gold Ø 21,5mm.
obv. Saint John with cross tipped sceptre, his right hand in a blessing
position, cross below, within plain and dotted circle, surrounded by
the legend; IOhIS ARЄ - PVS MAGVT′
rev. Five arms within double lined quatrefoil, rosettes and dots at the
connection points of the arches, in circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ MONЄTA OPIDI•INhOIЄSTЄN
Höchst (formerly Höchst am Main) nowadays is a part of Frankfurt am Main, in Hessen. Höchst is first mentioned in 790 as Hostat (meaning high site or high place). The village developed in the West the Justinuschurch on both sides of the old main street. It belonged to electoral Mainz, the territory of the Archbishop of Mainz. The wheel of Mainz in the coat of arms of the district reminds us. On February 11, 1355 the village Hoisten received its town privileges by emperor Charles IV. In a charter dated January 12, 1356 Charles IV gave additional privileges to Höchst including the right to hold markets every Tuesday. In the middle-age city part, most of the timber framed houses stem from the period after the major fire in 1586.
Felke 631 ; Stadtarchiv Mainz 188-V-8 ; Friedberg 1617 R
Attractive specimen with good details. Rare.
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GERMANY - MAINZ, ERZBISTUM - JOHANN II VON NASSAU, 1397-1419 - Goldgulden n.d. (1399-1402), Höchst
weight 3,42gr. ; gold Ø 22mm.
obv. Saint John with cross tipped sceptre, his right hand in a blessing
position, cross below, within plain and dotted circle, surrounded by
the legend; IOhIS ARЄ - PVS MAGVT′
rev. Five arms within double lined quatrefoil, rosettes on the
connection points of the arches, dots between the arches, in circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✠ MONETA OPIDI • IN hOIЄSTSI
Variety; with HOEISTSI (normally HOEISTEN).
Höchst (formerly Höchst am Main) nowadays is a part of Frankfurt am Main, in Hessen. Höchst is first mentioned in 790 as Hostat (meaning high site or high place). The village developed in the West the Justinuschurch on both sides of the old main street. It belonged to electoral Mainz, the territory of the Archbishop of Mainz. The wheel of Mainz in the coat of arms of the district reminds us. On February 11, 1355 the village Hoisten received its town privileges by emperor Charles IV. In a charter dated January 12, 1356 Charles IV gave additional privileges to Höchst including the right to hold markets every Tuesday. In the middle-age city part, most of the timber framed houses stem from the period after the major fire in 1586. On the reverse of this coin we can read MONETA OPIDI IN HOIESTSI (coin of the settlement in Hoesten). Normally the legend reads HOEISTEN instead of HOIESTSI, so this is a very remarkable variety. This variety seems to be unpublished. Extremely rare.
Friedberg 1617var. ; Felke 631var. RRR
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GERMANY - MAINZ, ERZBISTUM - JOHANN II VON NASSAU, 1397-1419 - Goldgulden n.d. (1404-1409), Höchst
weight 3,50gr. ; gold Ø 22mm.
obv. Throning archbishop with inside-bent staff above lion arms of Nassau,
in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend; IOhIS AR* - *ЄP MAGV
rev. Arms of Mainz in trilobe with six anulets around, in dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✠ MONЄTA IhOЄST SVP MOGЄN′
Höchst (formerly Höchst am Main) nowadays is a part of Frankfurt am Main, in Hessen. Höchst is first mentioned in 790 as Hostat (meaning high site or high place). The village developed in the West the Justinuschurch on both sides of the old main street. It belonged to electoral Mainz, the territory of the Archbishop of Mainz. The wheel of Mainz in the coat of arms of the district reminds us. On February 11, 1355 the village Hoisten received its town privileges by emperor Charles IV. In a charter dated January 12, 1356 Charles IV gave additional privileges to Höchst including the right to hold markets every Tuesday. In the middle-age city part, most of the timber framed houses stem from the period after the major fire in 1586.
Felke 692 ; Slg.Walther 110 ; Friedberg 1620 ;
Stadtarchiv Mainz 188-IX-6
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GERMANY - MANSFELD - HINTERORTISCHE LINIE SCHRAPLAU - Gebhart VII, Johann Georg I und Peter Ernst I, 1547-1558 - Taler 1547, Eisleben
weight 28,72gr. ; silver Ø 40mm.
mintmaster Heinrich Frölich
mintmaster mark: lily
obv. Standing figure of St. George slaying dragon with lance,
shield of old Mansfeld arms below in front, around the text;
GEBHART▾E▾HANS▾G▾PETERE▾C▾D▾I▾M
rev. Shield of new Mansfeld arms divides 4 - 7, two ornate helmets above,
around the text; lily MON★NO★ARG★C★E★D★I★MANSF⁑
The House of Mansfeld, whose members belonged to the Saxon nobility and served as counts in the Hassegau, was first documented in a 973 deed. The counts built Mansfeld Castle when one Hoyer of Mansfeld served as field marshal to Emperor Henry V. The first reference of the fortress coincides with the extinction of the elder line in 1229. The estates were inherited by the Lords of Querfurt, calling themselves Counts of Mansfeld from that time on.
The settlement of Mansfeld received town privileges in 1400 and grew through the development of copper and silver mining, an activity in which Hans Luder from Möhra, father to Martin Luther and Mansfeld citizen from 1484, was employed as a master smelter. Luther′s family had arrived into a modest prosperity, he himself attended the local school between 1488 and 1496. The building known as ″Luther′s School″ had to be torn down and rebuilt in 2000 due to structural problems. His parents′ house is preserved and today a museum. Luther also acted as an altar server at the St George parish church.
The Counts of Mansfeld had already lost Imperial immediacy in 1580. When the comital line finally became extinct in 1780, the estates around Mansfeld were incorporated into the Prussian Duchy of Magdeburg. The town retained the status of an independent city, it was temporarily part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia and after the 1815 Congress of Vienna belonged to the Prussian Province of Saxony.
The village of Scrabanloch was founded in the 8th century, the exact year remains unknown. Soon after, a castle was built near the settlement. In the 11th century, the village received a charter to become a city. Over time Schraplau has had several names. To this day there is very little industry within the town limits.
As a rule, we see St. George on horseback, slaying a dragon with his spear. In that sense, this standing St. George slaying a dragon is quite an unusual representation. Rare variant with triangles as punctuation on the obverse.
KM.MB24 ; Tornau 906 ; Schulten 2051 ; Davenport 9516
Very attracive specimen with nice toning.
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GERMANY - MARK, GRAFSCHAFT (COUNTY) - ADOLF IV, 1398-1422 - Denar (Pfennig) n.d. (1398-1417), Hattingen
weight 0,91gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.
obv. Arms of Kleve within reede circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ADOLPhVS⁑COMЄS⁑CLЄVЄ
rev. Arms of Mark within reeded circle, surrounded by the legend;
MONЄ - TA•hATTЄNING
Adolphe IV of Mark (= Adolph II of Cleves) is a central figure in the history of the medieval Lower Rhine Region. He was born on 2 August 1373, son of Adolph III, Count of Mark, and Margaret of Jülich (and thus the brother of Margaret of Cleves). After his father′s death in 1394, he became Count of Cleves. In 1397 he defeated his uncle William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg in the battle of Kleverhamm and became Lord of Ravenstein (nowaday a little town in the Netherlands). Shortly before the year 1400 he married Agnes, daughter of Rupert of Germany and Elisabeth of Nuremberg. Agnes died a year later with no issue. In 1406 Adolf married Marie of Burgundy, daughter of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria.
When his brother Dietrich IX, Count of Mark died in battle in 1398, he also became Count of Mark. Adolph further expanded his influence by marrying a daughter of the Duke of Burgundy. As a result, Cleves was raised to a Duchy by the Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund, in 1417. From 1409 onwards he faced opposition from his younger brother Gerhard, who claimed the County of Mark. By 1422, their dispute resulted in an armed conflict, with Gerhard allying himself with the Archbishop of Cologne. A peace was signed between the two brothers in 1430 and confirmed in 1437. As a result, Gerhard ruled the largest part of Mark, but was to be succeeded by his nephew John. He was not allowed to call himself Count of Mark, but has to use the title Count zur Mark. After Gerhard′s death in 1461, the County of Mark and the Duchy of Cleves were reunited again. Adolphe II took part in more than twenty military conflicts. Adolph II died on 23 September 1448 and was succeeded by his eldest son Johann I.
Hattingen is located on the south bank of the River Ruhr in the south of the Ruhr region. The town was first mentioned in 1396, when the Duke of Mark granted permission to build a city wall. Today, Hattingen has a picturesque historic district with Fachwerk (timber-framed houses) built between the 14th and 16th centuries. Hattingen became part of the Hanseatic League in 1554 and became an important trading town. In 1720, there were 52 operating coal mines within the municipal area and Hattingen became one of the first industrial cities of the Ruhr region. Steel production started in 1853, when the Henrichshütte was founded. The Henrichshütte became one of the most important employers of the whole region and dominated the town until it closed in 1987. The old city is still partly surrounded by the city walls today.
Menadier - (cf. 84) ; cf. Slg.Lejeune 1321-1327 R
Struck with some weaknesses. Rare.
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GERMANY - MÜNSTER, BISTUM - FRANZ VON WALDECK, 1532-1553 - Taler 1541
weight 28,80gr. ; silver Ø 40mm.
obv. Busts of St. Peter and St. Paul facing each other, above S∘P∘A ☉ S∘P∘E,
within circle. In the outer circle the legend; shield Münster FRA′CIS shield
Osnabrück CVS▾DEI shield Waldeck GRA▾EC shield Minden CLESIA▾
rev. Omate 4-fold arms of Münster-Osnabrück-Minden with central shield
of Waldeck, ∘1∘5 ☉ 4∘1∘ within circle. In the outer circle the legend;
✠ MONAST▾ET▾OSNAB▾EPS▾MIND▾ADMINIS
This obverse die, with FRA′CIS, was not known to Ilisch.
Franz von Waldeck was born in 1491, in Sparrenburg bei Bielefield, as the third son of Count Philip II of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1453–1524) and Countess Catherine von Solms-Lich (1467–1492). Franz von Waldeck was early on destined to fulfill his father′s original ambition for a place in the aristocratic cathedral chapter. Because chapter members were required to obtain a secular law degree, Franz began studying in Erfurt in 1506 and moved to Leipzig in 1510. Without having received sacred orders, he did receive numerous "Kanonikerpräbenden". Franz was, among other things, a canon in Cologne, Trier, Mainz and Paderborn, as well as dean of St. Alexander′s Foundation in Einbeck. While being originally destined for the ministry, took a greater interest in his family′s more worldly duties and thus became governor of the County of Ravensberg. In 1530 he was appointed Prince-Bishop of Minden. Supported by Cologne, Cleves, Hesse and Gelre, he was also elected Prince-Bishop of Münster and Osnabrück in 1532.
Franz von Waldeck′s attitude towards the Reformation was ambiguous. In the early 1530s, the city of Münster embraced the Reformation, but soon fell under the control of the radical Bernhard Rothmann. Von Waldeck took action against the city, including the confiscation of goods owned by city merchants. In February 1533, both sides settled their differences with the Treaty of Dülmen. Von Waldeck conceded full religious freedom to the city. When the Lutheran movement gave way to the radical Anabaptists in the annual council election on 23 February 1534, Waldeck besieged the city. On Easter Sunday, 1534, Anabaptist leader Jan Matthys led a small band out of the city and was defeated and killed. John of Leiden then installed himself as king of the city of New Jerusalem (Münster). During the following siege, Hille Feicken attempted to murder him by the example of Judith and Holophernes. With the help of the Holy Roman Empire and a traitor from within, Waldeck′s troops took the city back on 24 June 1535.
Münster was re-Catholicised, and Waldeck used his influence to further the teachings of Luther. His Reformation efforts in 1541 met with unified resistance in the Bishopric of Münster. In 1543 in Osnabrück, together with Lübeck Superintendent Herman Bonnus, Waldeck planned to introduce the Reformation. In Minden, where the Lutheran doctrine had been widely accepted even before he took office, Franz attempted in 1535 to reach out to the balance of the city beyond just the cathedral chapter. These efforts at aiding the Reformation were closely linked to his desire to have his relationship with Anna Polmann legalized and to have the three dioceses of Münster, Osnabrück, and Minden secularized, in order to create a secular territory for his heirs. In Einbeck, Waldeck met Anna Polmann (1505–1557), the daughter of local linen weaver Barthold Polmann. They lived in a marriage-like relationship, having eight children: four sons and four daughters. Whether or not the couple entered into a proper marriage is unclear. Franz died on 23 July 1553.
KM.MB.115 ; Schulten 2306 ; Ilisch 18bc ; Davenport 9577
some weakness of strike
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GERMANY - MÜNSTER, BISTUM - FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN VON PLETTENBERG, 1688-1706 - Gulden of XXIIII Mariengroschen 1693 JO
weight 17,16gr. ; silver Ø 36mm.
mintmaster Johann Odendahl
obv. Crowned oval 6-fold arms of Münster-Stromberg-Borculo with central
shield of Plettenberg within circle of dots. In outer circle the legend;
FRID•CHRIST•D•G•EP•MONAST•
rev. XXIIII / MARIEN / GROS: / J ❃ O within circle of dots.
In outer circle the legend; ❃ BVRGGR•STROMB•S•R•I•PRIN•D•IN•BORC•1693
Friedrich Christian Freiherr von Plettenberg-Lenhausen was born on 8 August 1644, the son of Bernhard von Plettenberg zu Lenhausen (1615–1679) and his wife Odilia von Fürstenberg zu Schnellenberg and Waterlappe (1617–1683). He attended high schools in Werl and Siegen and received the first tonsure in 1652. He studied from 1659 at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome. In 1660 he received minor orders. He finished his studies in 1664. He had held a canon position in Speyer since 1663, but gave it up in 1665. Instead, he received a canon position in Münster in 1664, where he was ordained a subdeacon in 1666. In 1666, he went on a legation trip to the Republic of the Seven United Provinces. He then studied briefly in Orléans. In 1670 he received a canon position in Paderborn. In 1677 he became provost of St. Martini in Münster and archdeacon of Ennigerloh. From 1687, Plettenberg was vicar general of the diocese of Münster. He was ordained a priest in 1688.
On 29 July 1688 he was elected prince bishop. He brought significant diplomatic experience into his office. As a bishop, Friedrich Christian tried to improve the education of priests. He loved and organized many magnificent liturgies and church festivities. For the cathedral, he donated, among other things, new windows, silver candelabra and a marble floor. To strengthen the independence of the bishop, he built, among other things with foreign aid, the Münster military. He had the neglected land fortresses repaired. In Munster, an armory was built and the fortifications of Meppen improved. Under pressure from emperor Leopold I, he participated in the war against France. However, the troops from Münster and Brandenburg arrived too late in the theatre, which contributed to the defeat of the allies in the Battle of Fleurus. Friedrich Christian remained closely connected to his family. He bought the then still small Nordkirchen Castle for them, turning it into a palace called "the Versailles of Westphalia". Plettenberg died on 6 May 1706 before it was completed by Johann Conrad Schlaun. His epitaph was created by Johann Mauritz Gröninger and is located in St. Paul′s Cathedral in Münster.
The reverse legend shows us that Friedrich Christian also was Burggraf of Stromberg and lord of Borculo. Burg Stromberg was a hilltop castle in the Stromberg district of the town of Oelde in the district of Warendorf in North Rhine-Westphalia. Stromberg Castle belonged to the Bishop of Munster and served to protect the borders of the Diocese of Munster to the south-east.
It is remarkable that Friedrich Christian also still called himself lord of Borculo. Borculo was originally ruled by the counts of Limburg and Bronkhorst. In the long conflict (known as the "Borculo question") between the heirs of the last count of Bronkhorst (deceased in 1553 without children) and the Prince-Bishop of Munster over ownership of Borculo, the Court of Gelderland ruled on 20 December 1615 in favour of count Joost of Limburg and Bronkhorst. The ruling was imposed by troops from Zutphen, taking over the castle and city of Lichtenvoorde in December 1615, and the castle and city of Borculo in February 1616 after short combat. Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen tried twice to keep Borculo under Munster′s authority, but without success. Thereafter, Borculo definitively belonged to the province of Guelders instead of Munster.
Johann Odendahl was born around 1650 in Cologne. From 1678 he worked in this city as a goldsmith. In the years 1685-1689 he worked as an inspector/quality controller at the Mint in Corvey, where he subsequently held the office of mint master in the years 1689-1690. In the years 1690-1691 he was mint master in Mengeringhausen and from 1692 in Münster. There he died in 1696, after which his son Heinrich Lorenz Odendahl took over his task as mint master.
KM.101 ; cf. Schulze 135C ; Weise 822 ; Davenport 692
wonderful lustrous specimen with excellent details
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GERMANY - OLDENBURG, GRAFSCHAFT - ANTON GÜNTHER, 1606-1667 - Gulden zu 28 Stüber n.d. (1649-1651)
weight 19,64gr. ; silver 41,5mm.
mintmaster Jürgen Dettlefs (1649-1651)
mintmark double lily
Struck in name of Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-1657)
obv. Crowned 4-fold arms (1, 4 Oldenburg - 2, 3 Delmenhorst and central
shield of Jever lion), value (28) below, within dotted circle. In outer circle
the legend; FLOR•ΛN•GV•C - O•E•D•D•I•I•E•E•K and double lily
(translation: Florenus Antonii Guntheri comitis Oldenburgici
et Delmenhorstensis dominus in Jever et Kniphausen)
rev. Crowned imperial eagle, 28 in orb on breast, within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; FERD•III•D•G•ROM•IMP•SEMP•AVG
(translation: Ferdinandus III. dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper augustus)
These guilders of Count Anton Günther were minted after the example of the Dutch florin of 28 stuivers, the so-called "achtentwintiger". They were mainly minted for trade on the Levant. Despite the poor fine silver content of 560/1000, these pieces were especially popular in Turkey.
Kalverlage-Trippler 178 ; Bendig 24 ; de Bruijn 73 ; KM.-- ; Davenport 713
Unusual well-struck and attractive for the type. Rare this nice.
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GERMANY - OLDENBURG, GRAFSCHAFT - ANTON GÜNTHER, 1606-1667 - Gulden zu 28 Stüber n.d. (1649-1651)
weight 18,20gr. ; silver 41mm.
mintmaster Jürgen Dettlefs (1649-1651)
mintmark double lily
Struck in name of Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-1657)
obv. Crowned 4-fold arms (1, 4 Oldenburg - 2, 3 Delmenhorst and central
shield of Jever lion), value (28) below, within dotted circle. In outer circle
the legend; FLOR•ΛN•GV•C - O•E•D•D•I•I E•E•Kand double lily
(translation: Florenus Antonii Guntheri comitis Oldenburgici
et Delmenhorstensis dominus in Jever et Kniphausen)
rev. Crowned imperial eagle, 28 in orb on breast, within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; FERD•III•D•G•ROM•IMP•SEMP•AVG•
(translation: Ferdinandus III. dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper augustus)
These guilders of Count Anton Günther were minted after the example of the Dutch florin of 28 stuivers, the so-called "achtentwintiger". They were mainly minted for trade on the Levant. Despite the poor fine silver content of 560/1000, these pieces were especially popular in Turkey.
Kalverlage-Trippler 178 ; Bendig 24 ; de Bruijn 73 ; KM.-- ; Davenport 713
usual crude strike with weaknesses
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GERMANY - ÖTTINGEN,GRAFSCHAFT - KARL WOLFGANG, LUDWIG XV & MARTIN, 1534-1546 - Reichsguldiner 1543
weight 28,94gr. ; silver Ø 40,5mm.
struck in name of emperor Karl V, 1519 - 1558
obv. Crowned imperial eagle within reeded circle, surrounded by
the legend; ⁎KAROLVS⁑V⁑ROMANORVM⁑IMP⁑SEMP⁑AV⁎
rev. Shield of Öttingen arms divides 15 - 43, ornate helmet
with dog′s head crest, within redded circle, surrounded by
the legend; KARLWOLF⁑LVDWIG⁑7⁑MARTIN⁑CO⁑IN⁑OTI
Davenport 9617 ; Schulten 2617 ; MB.51
attractive tone
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GERMANY - ÖTTINGEN,GRAFSCHAFT - KARL WOLFGANG, LUDWIG XV & MARTIN, 1534-1546 - Reichsguldiner 1546
weight 28,79gr. ; silver Ø 40,5mm.
struck in name of emperor Karl V, 1519 - 1558
obv. Crowned imperial eagle within reeded circle, surrounded by
the legend; ⁎CAROLVS⁑V⁑ROMA⁑IMP⁑SEMP⁑AVG⁎
rev. Shield of Öttingen arms divides 15 - 46, ornate helmet
with dog′s head crest, within redded circle, surrounded by
the legend; ♣KARLWOLF⁑LVDWIG⁑7⁑MARTIN⁑C⁑I⁑OTI
Davenport 9617 ; Schulten 2617 ; Löffelholz 182/177 ; MB.51
very attracive specimen with fine details and beautifully toned
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GERMANY - PFALZ, KURFÜRSTENTUM - PHILIPP DER AUFRICHTIGE, 1449-1508 - Goldgulden n.d. (1477), Heidelberg
weight 3,24gr. ; gold Ø 22,5mm.
obv. Long flowered cross with the shields of Pfalz and Bayern
and a fantasyshield in the centre PHIL - C′.PR′ - DVX•B - AVA′
rev. The shields of Mainz, Trier and Jülich composed in triangle,
dot in the centre +MONЄ′.NOVA′ AVRЄA•RЄNЄNS′
This extremely rare emission was minted in Heidelberg by mintmaster Eberhard von Bühel between 29th June and 31st December 1477. On 1 January 1478 the bishop of Trier, Johann II von Baden, decided to cease the joint coinage between Trier, Mainz, Pfalz and Jülich. This cointype is lacking in important Pfalz collections, which indicated it′s rarity. Coin of great importance. Extremely rare.
Slg.Eglmeier- ; Slg.Memmersheimer- ; Slg. Noss 195 ;
Slg. Fallot-Burghardt- ; Felke 1495 ; Friedberg 1985 RRR
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GERMANY - PFALZ-ZWEIBRÜCKEN - JOHANN I, 1569-1604 - Groschen (3 Kreuzer) 1599
weight 1,77gr, ; silver Ø 22,5mm.
obv. Crowned double-headed eagle, orb containing denomination (3) on chest,
within circle, surrounded by the legend; •RVDOL•Z•IMP - •AVG P:F•DEC•
rev. Three-part coat of arms, dividing 9 - 9, within circle, surrounded
by the legend; ✶IOHA•DG:CO:PA•RH•DV•BAC•V•E:S
MB.87 ; Noss 344; Saurma 2012 ; Numista 158193
small hole
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GERMANY - RAVENSBURG, KÖNIGLICHE MÜNZSTÄTTE - KONRAD (KONRADIN) III, 1258-1268 - Brakteat n.d.
weight 0,39gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Large central tower with two smaller towers on the sides,
within circle surrounded by border of dots
rev. Incusum of obverse
Konrad III was born on 25 March 1252 in Wolfstein, Bavaria, to Konrad IV of Germany and Elisabeth of Bavaria. Though he never succeeded his father as Roman-German king, he was recognized as king of Sicily and Jerusalem by supporters of the Hohenstaufens in 1254. He was called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Konradin. Having lost his father in 1254, he grew up at the court of his uncle and guardian, Louis II, Duke of Bavaria. His guardians were able to hold Swabia for him. Jerusalem was held by a relative from the royal house of Cyprus as regent. In Sicily, his father′s half-brother Manfred continued as regent, but began to develop plans to usurp the kingship.
Having assumed the title of King of Jerusalem and Sicily, Konradin took possession of the Duchy of Swabia in 1262, and remained for some time in his duchy. Konradin′s first invitation to Italy came from the Guelphs of Florence: they asked him to take arms against Manfred, who had been crowned king of Sicily in 1258 on a false rumor of Konradin′s death. Louis refused this invitation on his nephew′s behalf. In 1266 count Charles I of Anjou, called by the new pope Clement IV, defeated and killed Manfred at Benevento, taking possession of southern Italy: envoys from the Ghibelline cities went then to Bavaria and urged Konradin to come and free Italy. Count Guido de Montefeltro representing Henry of Castile, Senator of Rome, offered him the support of the eternal city. Pledging his lands, Konradin crossed the Alps and issued a manifesto at Verona setting forth his claim on Sicily.
Rome received his envoy with enthusiasm; and the young king himself received welcomes at Pavia, Pisa and Siena. In September 1267 a Spanish fleet under Frederick of Castile, and a number of knights from Pisa, and Spanish knights soldiering from Tunis, disembarked in the Sicilian city of Sciacca, and most of the island rebelled against the Angevin rule. Only Palermo and Messina remained loyal to Charles. The revolt spread to Calabria and Apulia. In November of the same year the Pope excommunicated him. His fleet won a victory over that of Charles I of Anjou, and in July 1268, Konradin himself entered Rome to a great and popular reception.
Having strengthened his forces, he marched towards Lucera to join the Siculo Muslims troops settled there since the time of his grandfather. On 23 August 1268 his multinational army of Italian, Spanish, Roman, Siculos and German troops encountered that of Charles at Tagliacozzo, in a hilly area of central Italy. The eagerness of Konradin′s forces, notably that of the Spanish knights led by Infante Henry of Castile who mounted a triumphant charge and captured the Angevin banner, initially appeared to have secured victory. But their inability to see through Charles′ ruse allowed the latter to ultimately emerge victorious once the elite of his army, the veteran French knights he had hidden behind a hill, entered the battle to the surprise of the enemy. Escaping from the field of battle, Konradin reached Rome, but acting on advice to leave the city he proceeded to Astura in an attempt to sail for Sicily. However, upon reaching his destination he was arrested and handed over to Charles, who imprisoned him in the Castel dell′Ovo in Naples, together with the inseparable Frederick of Baden. On 29 October 1268 Konradin and Frederick were beheaded.
Berger 2549 ; Klein-Ulmer 211 ; Slg. Bonhoff 1848
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GERMANY - SACHSEN, HERZOGTUM - JOHANN GEORG I, 1615-1656 - Taler 1624 HI, Dresden
weight 29,14gr. ; silver Ø 45mm.
mintmaster: Hans Jacob
mintmaster′s mark: two crossed tin hooks en initials HI
obv. Half-length armored figure to right, holding sword over right
shoulder and helmet in left hand in dotted circle, surrounded by the
legend; ♁ IOHAN:GEORG:D:G:DVX SAX:IVL:CLIV:ET. MONTI:
rev. Spanish shield of manifold arms, eighteen shields within, with central
shield of Electorate of Saxony, six ornate helmets above divide 16 - 24,
H - I across lower fields, surrounded by the legend;
SA•ROM•IMP•ARCHIM•ET ELECT• and two crossed tin hooks
Johann Georg was born in Dresden on 5 March 1585 as the second son of Elector Christian I of Sachsen. In 1611 he succeeded his childless brother Christian II as Elector. He lived in a turbulent time in which Lutheran Saxony was also involved in the religious struggle between Catholics and Protestants and the resulting Thirty Years′ War (1618-1648). His attempts to stay out of the battle with a neutral attitude were unsuccessful. His attitude, however, was half-hearted. In fact, he did not want to apostatize the (Catholic) Emperor of the Holy Roman German Empire, but that was not in keeping with his Protestant convictions and those of his subjects. In practice he supported the emperor. As a result, Saxony suffered greatly from attacks by King Gustav Adolf′s Protestant Swedish troops. During the country days there was therefore a lot of criticism of him from the Saxon states, which also led to internal conflicts. His lack of tact, possibly partly caused by his drinking, often fueled this conflict even further. He was mockingly called ″Bierjörge″. He died on 8 October 1656 in Dresden.
KM.132 ; Schnee 845 ; Slg. Merseburger 1033 ;
Clauss & Kahnt 158 ; Davenport 7601
minor planchet failure, but overall very attractive specimen with fine details
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SACHSEN-WEIMAR, HERZOGTUM - JOHANN ERNST II, 1662-1683 - Gulden or 2/3 Taler 1677, Weimar
weight 16,60gr. ; silver Ø 39mm.
obv. Armored and draped bust to right, surrounded by the legend;
✥ D : G • IOHAN ERNEST • D : S : I : C : ET • MONT•
rev. Crowned shield of 4-fold arms divides 16 - 77, value (2/3) in oval below,
surrounded by the legend; PRUDENTER • ET - CONSTANTER•
Johann Ernst II was born 11 September 1627 in Weimar as son of Duke Wilhelm von sachsen-Weimar and Eleonore Dorothea von Anhalt-Dessau. Johann Ernst received only a poor education during the Thirty Years′ War. Later, he attended the University of Jena and undertook his Grand Tour of Italy and France. On 14 August 1656, at Weimar, Johann Ernst married Christiana Elisabetha (1638–1679), Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg. To support his household, Johann Ernst, after several children had been born to the marriage, was given Amt Oldisleben. Involved in government work by his father, he oversaw hunting and forestry in the duchy.
After his father′s death in 1662, he became ruling duke. Four weeks after his father′s death, Johann Ernst II reached an agreement with his brothers regarding the use and government of the country. Under his chairmanship (directorate), they led a joint government with certain privileges. Nevertheless, the brothers enjoyed extensive ruling powers in their assigned offices and maintained their own residences. Johann Ernst II retained Weimar, his brother Adolf Wilhelm received the offices of Wartburg and Clemda of Saxe-Eisenach, Johann Georg I received the offices of Creuzburg and Crayenburg of Saxe-Eisenach, and his other brother Bernhard received Saxe-Jena.
After the extinction of the Elder House of Saxe-Altenburg in 1672, a dispute arose with Saxe-Gotha over the inheritance, whereby he was able to acquire approximately a quarter of the land for Saxe-Weimar. He then reached a compromise with his remaining brothers, Bernhard and Johann Georg, and the duchy was divided into the duchies of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Jena, and Saxe-Eisenach. From 1675 until his death, he was the senior of the Ernestines. While his father, William IV, achieved significant achievements, particularly in the cultural field, Johann Ernst II devoted himself solely to his passion for hunting and largely left the government of his country to his chancellor. After a fall from his horse in 1680, one of his legs was paralyzed, and he died of dropsy three years later. He was buried in the princely crypt at the Weimar Historical Cemetery.
KM.105 ; Slg. Merseburger 3918 ; Koppe 394 ; Davenport 892
beautiful coin with attractive toning
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GERMANY - SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN-GOTTROP, DUCHY - FRIEDRICH III, 1616-1659 - 1/16 Reichstaler 1650
weight 1,64gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
obv. Friedrich III Large bust right wiuthin dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend; FRIDERICS D G HENDSH
rev. XVI / IREIC / HSDA / M mintmark M within dotted circle,
1650 above, surrounded by the legend; VIRTVT GLORIA MERC
Friedrich III (1597–1659) was the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, succeeding his father in 1616 and ruling during the Thirty Years′ War, focusing on promoting trade and culture, establishing Friedrichstadt, sponsoring Adam Olearius′s expedition to Russia/Persia, and building up Gottorf Castle as a cultural center with a renowned library and Kunstkammer, strengthening his duchy′s position by aligning with Sweden against Denmark.
KM.93 ; Lange 348a ; Numista 85360
attractive toning
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GERMANY - STOLBERG, COUNTY - WOLFGANG, LUDWIG II, HEINRICH XXI, ALBRECHT GEORG UND CHRISTOF I, 1555-1571 - Taler 1546, Wernigerode
weight 28,69gr. ; silver Ø 40mm.
mintmaster Gregor Einhorn
mintmaster mark: falcon standing to left
obv. Stag standing left in circle, vegetation below, within
plan and reede circle, surrounded by the legend;
WOLF▾LVDOVI▾HINRI▾ALBER GEOR▾ET CHRIS and falcon
rev. Incurved quartered coat of arms of Stolberg/Wernigerode under
crested helmet with lambrequins, dividing the abbreviated date 4 - 6,
within reeded circle, surrounded by the legend;
MONETA▴COMITVM▴A▴STOLBER▴ET▴WER
The county of Stolberg was located to the west of that of Mansfeld and south of the bishopric of Halberstadt. Its superficies was not more than about 15 square kilometres. With the death of Botho III der Glückselige (1467-1538) the small county was divided among the 5 sons of Botho III;
• Wolfgang (r.1538-1552) - Stolberg-Stolberg
• Ludwig II (r.1538-1574) - Stolberg-Rochefort
• Heinrich XXI (r.1538-1572) - Stolberg-Wernigerode
• Albrecht Georg (r.1538-1587) - Stolberg-Schwarza
• Christoph I (r.1538-1581) - Stolberg-Königstein
Like their neighbours of Mansfeld, the counts of
Stolberg nearly always minted jointly.
Botho III also had 5 daughters, of whom Juliana is significant for Dutch history. She was born on 15 February 1506 in Stolberg. Juliana was named after Juliana of Nicomedia, a martyr whose name day is celebrated on 16 February. After the death of her first husband Philip II of Hanau-Münzenberg, she remarried on 29 September 1531 at Königstein Castle with Wilhelm der Reiche, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg. Twelve children were born from this marriage. Their first child was Wilhelm von Nassau-Dillenburg, who later became Prince of Orange by inheritance. Wilhelm von Oranje-Nassau “the Silent” would play a prominent role during the struggle for independence of the Netherlands against the Spanish and was thus at the basis of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. His younger brother Johann (Jan) can be seen as the progenitor of the royal house of Oranje-Nassau that currently rules the Netherlands. Queen Juliana (r.1948-1980) was named after her illustrious ancestor and matriarch.
Davenport 9848 ; Schulten 3428 ; Friederich 109-110 ;
MB.21.2 ; de Mey 1059 ; Numista 309475 RR
Old scratch on the reverse.
Attractive specimen with appealing toning. Very rare.
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GERMANY - UNNA, STADT - 12 Pfennig n.d. (ca. 1590)
weight 4,41gr. ; copper Ø 26mm.
obv. Countship of Mark arms in ornate shield
with ′A′ (of Altena) below, all within border of dots
rev. Rosette above and below value •X•I•I•,
all within border of dots
Unna is situated on an ancient salt-trading route, the Westphalian Hellweg. Trade on this route and during the period of the Hanseatic League came from as far as London. The city is located at the eastern extremity of the Ruhr district, about 15 kilometres east of the centre of Dortmund. It is first recorded by name in an ecclesiastical document of 1032.
At the beginning of the 13th century, Count Friedrich von Altena-Isenberg was granted Unna, among other estates, by the Archbishop of Cologne. After he had slain his uncle, Archbishop Engelbert von Berg, in 1225, he was executed, and his property passed to his cousin, Count Adolf von Altena, who henceforth called himself Count of the Mark after his new residence, Mark Castle on the Lippe, and to whom the town′s fortifications date back. In 1264, archbishop troops stormed Unna and burned it down, after which the town was rebuilt. After the Battle of Worringen in 1288, in which the Counts of the Mark freed themselves from Cologne′s hegemony, Unna received town charter, market rights, and the right to exercise lower jurisdiction from the Count of the Mark. Over the next few hundred years the town was repeatedly fought over, and burned down several times. In the 14th century the town became wealthy: a mint was established and regional trade blossomed. From the mid-15th century on, the city was a notable trade centre and member of the Hanseatic League.
Towards the end of the 16th century, the economic boom ended due to the decline of the Hanseatic League, religious schisms, and numerous wars and epidemics. In 1597, Unna lost more than half of its inhabitants as a result of the plague. In 1598 and 1604, Spanish cavalry were quartered in Unna during the Spanish-Dutch War. With the death of Duke John William of Cleves in 1609, the old line of the Counts of Mark died out, and the County of Mark with the city of Unna fell to Margrave Ernst of Brandenburg and Count Palatine Wolfgang William, whose alliance, however, broke up in 1614 due to religious differences. Unna and other cities in Cleves and Margraviate of Brandenburg were taken by Dutch troops in 1614, who, however, withdrew when the plague broke out again in 1615. Afterwards the town changed hands several times in religious wars, and in 1666 fell under the control of Prussia.
This city coin refers to the lords under whom it administratively fell. Initially, this was the County of Altena-Isenberg, which then, from around 1225, was continued as the County of Mark.
Previously this coin was attributed to the mint of Altena, but this has
now been refuted and it is attributed to the city of Unna. Very rare.
Weingärtner 455 (Altena) ; MB.3 (Altena) ;
de Mey 2 (Altena) ; Numista 131523 RR
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GERMANY - WESTFALEN, DUCHY - FERDINAND VON BAYERN, 1612-1650 - 12 Kipperpfennig n.d. (1619-1620), Arnsberg
weight 2,14gr. ; copper Ø 23,5mm.
obv. Long broad cross with circle in de centre in which Westphalian
horse rearing to the left surrounded by wreath within circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✽MON – DVCA• – WEST• – PHAL•
rev. Value XII within ornamented spuare frame
This coin was minted by the archbishop of Cologne, Ferdinand von Bayern, during the early years of the Thirty Years′ War (1618-1648) at the mint of Arnsberg. This is a so called "Kippercoin" from the "Kipperzeit" (1620-1623). Kipper und Wipper (German: Kipper- und Wipperzeit) was a financial crisis during the start of the Thirty Years′ War (1618–1648). Starting around 1620, city-states in the Holy Roman Empire began to produce heavily debased currency in order to raise revenue for the Thirty Years′ War, as effective taxation did not exist. More and more mints were established until the debased metal coins were so worthless that children allegedly played with them in the street. The name derives from the practice of fraudulent coin devaluation, namely the ″wippen″ (rocking) of the balance beams when weighing the coins on a speed scale and the subsequent ″Kippen″ (Low German for ″sorting out″) of the heavier pieces, from which new, lower-value coins were then made by adding copper, tin or lead.
KM.8 ; Weingärtner 443 ; Noss 291 ; de Mey 3 ;
Wittelsbach 1084 ; cf. Numista 379847
Minor planchet fault. Attractive for the type.
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GERMANY - DEUTSCHES REICH - WILHELM II, 1888-1918 - DEUTSCHEN NEBENGEBIETEN -OBERBEFEHLSHABERS OST - 2 Kopeks 1916A, Berlin
weight 5,69gr. ; iron Ø 24mm.
obv. GEBIET / DES / OBERBEFEHLSHABERS / OST / A,
flanked with decorative leaves. Beaded rim.
rev. Iron Cross with the Cyrillic legend; 1 / КОПѢЙКА / 1916
This coin was issued during the First World War by the German military administration of the East, Ober Ost, which comprised the former Russian governorates of Courland, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno and Suwałki, corresponding to parts of modern-day Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Belarus.
KM. 22 ; Schön 2 ; Parchimowicz 2 ; Jaeger N 602 ; Bitkin 4 ; AKS.901
light traces of oxidation
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GERMANY - DEUTSCHES REICH - WILHELM II, 1888-1918 - DEUTSCHEN NEBENGEBIETEN -OBERBEFEHLSHABERS OST - 1 Kopeke 1916A, Berlin
weight 2,91gr. ; iron Ø 21mm.
obv. GEBIET / DES / OBERBEFEHLSHABERS / OST / A,
flanked with decorative leaves. Beaded rim.
rev. Iron Cross with the Cyrillic legend; 1 / КОПѢЙКА / 1916
This coin was issued during the First World War by the German military administration of the East, Ober Ost, which comprised the former Russian governorates of Courland, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno and Suwałki, corresponding to parts of modern-day Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Belarus
KM. 21 ; Schön 1 ; Parchimowicz 1 ; Jaeger N 601 ; Bitkin 6 ; AKS.902
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