weight 1,16gr. ; gold Ø 12mm.

obv. Draped bust with diadem left, surrounded by
the retrograde legend ⟲; CABIL + LONNV
rev. Cross with decoration ′anchor′ deviding two pellets in lower field,|
surrounded by the retrograde legend ⟲ ; ΛVE + LOMV

An important town of the Gallic tribe of Aedui, it was called Cabillonum by the Romans (located in the current Yonne départment). In 534 Chlotharius I conquered Burgundy. When Chlotarius died in 561, his kingdom was divided in four parts. Guntram was the third eldest and second eldest surviving son of Chlotharius I and Ingunda. He became king of a fourth of the Kingdom of the Franks, Burgundy, and made his capital at Orléans. For this reason this kingdom is known as the ′Kingdom of Orléans′. Chalon became one of the de facto capitals of the kingdom of Burgundy. Burgundy remained an independent region under the Merovingian kings. From 596 till 662 they had their own Mayors of the Palace. Hereafter the office was united with that of Neustria, though Burgundy remained a separate realm. Chalon remained one of the most important mints under the various Frankish kings until about 680.

Provenance; this coin was found in Borrowby
(North Yorkshire, England) with a metaldetector.

Belfort - ; Prou - ; MEC - ; Depeyrot - RRR
Some minor weakness, but overall very attractive
specimen with sharp details. Extremely rare.
xf

weight 1,27gr. ; gold Ø 12mm.
moneyer Anglus I, circa 625-635

obv. Diademed male head to right, surrounded by the legend;
(WI) CVS FIT +
rev. Cross potent set on base with small cross below,
surrounded by the legend; ΛNLLO MONE

Quentovic was founded by a Neustrian king in the early 6th century. it was one of the two most prominent Frankish ports in the north (the other being Dorestad).The earliest minted coins from Quentovic date from the 6th century. Merchants located in Quentovic would have been primarily Frankish, Saxon, or Frisian. In a trading centre like this, they would have set up permanent shelters and also would have built warehouses to store their goods during the winter months. Trade with the Anglo-Saxons, mainly in Kent (and possibly in Hampshire), was vital for the community. Exports to England would have been primarily textiles although they would have also included wine and quern-stones. In Kent, pottery bottles, glasses, textiles, and gold coins from the early 8th have been discovered, all produced by the Franks. Slaves and other goods would have also been exchanged in Quentovic. The earliest mention of Quentovic in literary text was originally believed to have been written in a charter by Dagobert I. It concerned merchants who were travelling to the fair of St-Denis to trade. This charter is now recognized to be a forgery and was most likely written by someone in the late 9th century. Although Quentovic was mainly an economic centre, because of its location it was also a place where people would pass through in their travels. Finally it was abandoned in the 11th century.

The mintname WICVS/WICCO stands for Wicco in Pontio, which we know as (Carolingian) Quentovic. It was situated near the village of Vic-en-Ponthieu in the department Pas-de-Calais. The name of the moneyer, Anglo, is probably related to the people of the Anglo-Saxons. There were two moneyers working with this name, probably father (Anglus I, circa 625-635) and son (Anglus II, circa 660-675). This coin is from Anglus I. It is certainly no coincidence that the name pops up in the main port city of Northern France. As Quentovic was the most important harbour of Northern France, pilgrims from England arrived here during their pilgrimage to Rome (see Felder. E: Die Personennamen auf merowingischen Münzen der Biblithèque nationale de France, München 2003, page 59). Rare and  highly interesting historical coin.

cf. Belfort 4989 ; cf. Prou 1132 ; MEC- ;
cf. Lafaurie, RN (1996), type VIII b, 54 ;
cf. Depeyrot II, page 56, type 20-4A, no.17 R
Very attractive specimen with an attractive portrait.
xf-/xf

weight 1,18gr. ; gold Ø 12mm.
moneyer Anglus (Anglo) II, circa 660-675

obv. Diademed bust right, surrounded by the legend;
✠ VVICCO FIT
rev. Cross on steps, surrounded by the legend;
ANGLO MONЄT

Quentovic was founded by a Neustrian king in the early 6th century. it was one of the two most prominent Frankish ports in the north (the other being Dorestad).The earliest minted coins from Quentovic date from the 6th century. Merchants located in Quentovic would have been primarily Frankish, Saxon, or Frisian. In a trading centre like this, they would have set up permanent shelters and also would have built warehouses to store their goods during the winter months. Trade with the Anglo-Saxons, mainly in Kent (and possibly in Hampshire), was vital for the community. Exports to England would have been primarily textiles although they would have also included wine and quern-stones. In Kent, pottery bottles, glasses, textiles, and gold coins from the early 8th have been discovered, all produced by the Franks. Slaves and other goods would have also been exchanged in Quentovic. The earliest mention of Quentovic in literary text was originally believed to have been written in a charter by Dagobert I. It concerned merchants who were travelling to the fair of St-Denis to trade. This charter is now recognized to be a forgery and was most likely written by someone in the late 9th century. Although Quentovic was mainly an economic centre, because of its location it was also a place where people would pass through in their travels. Finally it was abandoned in the 11th century.

The mintname WICCO stands for Wicco in Pontio, which we know as (Carolingian) Quentovic. It was situated near the village of Vic-en-Ponthieu in the department Pas-de-Calais. The name of the moneyer, Anglo, is probably related to the people of the Anglo-Saxons. There were two moneyers working with this name, probably father (Anglus I, circa 625-635) and son (Anglus II, circa 660-675). This coin is from Anglus II. It is certainly no coincidence that the name pops up in the main port city of Northern France. As Quentovic was the most important harbour of Nothern France, pilgrims from England arrived here during their pilgrimage to Rome (see Felder. E: Die Personennamen auf merowingischen Münzen der Biblithèque nationale de France, München 2003, page 59). Very rare and historical highly interesting coin.

Belfort 4966 ; cf. Prou 1130 ; MEC- ; Lafaurie, RN (1996), 108 RR
Well-struck coin with and wholly legible legends.
vf/vf+

weight 1,19gr. ; gold Ø 13mm.

obv. Diademed male head right, surrounded by the legend;
M….VS / CIV / F  (in full MELDVS CIV F or variant),
all within border of dots.
rev. Cross/anchor motiv within dotted circle, surrounded
by the legend;  I+IBAICEOBEM (or variant).

Inhabitants of Meaux (Dep. Seine-et-Marne) are called Meldois. Both names Meaux and Meldois originated with the Meldi, the Latin name of the original Gaulish tribe who occupied this area of the valley of the Marne river. Although during the Roman period the city was called Iantinum by the Romans, the name of the Meldi persisted and was finally kept for naming both the city and its inhabitants. Meaux became an episcopal see in the 4th century. Situated in a loop of the Marne River in an intensively cultivated region, it has been an agricultural market centre since medieval times. The most outstanding building, Saint-Étienne Cathedral (12th to 16th century), has a Flamboyant Gothic facade, and bears witness to the city′s prosperity from the 12th to the 14th century.

Highly interesting coin of the Dark Ages. Unpublished. Coin of the highest rarity.

Belfort - ; Prou - ; MEC- ; Depeyrot - RRRR
vf/vf+

weight 1,50gr. ; silver Ø 21,5mm.

obv. Short cross pattée within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ CARLVS REX FR
rev. Karlogram within dotted circle. In outer circle the legend;
✠ AGINNO

Charlemagne or Charles the Great was probably born on 2 April 742, as eldest child of  Pepin the Short (714 – 768) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 – 783). The most likely place of birth is Liège. After his father was killed in 768, Charles became king of the Franks, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman. Carloman′s sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne as the sole, undisputed ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. He continued his father′s policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain. He campaigned against the Saxons to his east, Christianising them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden. In 774 he also became King of the Lombards. Charlemagne reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Rome′s Old St. Peter′s Basilica. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne has been called the ″Father of Europe″ (Pater Europae), as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire and united parts of Europe that had never been under Roman rule. His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church. All Holy Roman Emperors considered their kingdoms to be descendants of Charlemagne′s empire, up to the last Emperor Francis II and the French and German monar-chies. However, the Eastern Orthodox Church views Charlemagne more controversially, labeling as heterodox his support of the filioque and recognition by the Bishop of Rome as legitimate Roman Emperor, rather than recognizing Irene of Athens of the Eastern Roman Empire. These and other machinations led to the eventual split of Rome and Constantinople in the Great Schism of 1054. Charlemagne died in 814, having ruled as emperor for thirteen years. He was laid to rest in his imperial capital city of Aachen. He married at least four times and had three legitimate sons, but only his son Louis the Pious survived to succeed him.

Agen (Agunnum/Agino) is old town, capital of Lot-et-Garonne département, in the Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou région, southwestern France. It lies along the Garonne River at the foot of Ermitage Hill, northwest of Toulouse. Mentioned by Julius Caesar as Aginnum, capital of the Nitiobriges people, it was captured by the Frankish king Clovis (509) and was the centre of the countship of Agenais. Saints Faith (Foy) and Caprasius were martyred there in 303 under Diocletian. During the Frankish period it was a small flourishing city that had its own coinage under both the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties.

Morrison-Grunthal 179 ; Gariel XXII, 26 ;
Prou 794 ; MEC.736 ; Depeyrot 1 RR
very rare and attractive coin
xf/xf-

weight 1,18gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Tetrastyle temple with cross in the centre and on the roof ,
surrounded by the legend; XPISTIΛNΛ RELIGIO
rev. Short cross with pellet in each quarter , within circle.
In outer circle the legend; + HLVDOVVICVS IMP

This cointype was minted in many different cities of the Carolingian Empire.
Due to the somewhat coarse style, Dorestad is the most likely mint.
Variant with dot on each side of the temple. Very rare.

Although the side with the cross, which bears the emperor′s name, is traditionally considered the obverse, I believe that this may not have been the intention in medieval thinking. After all, Christ and the Christian faith were the supreme power and ranked above secular rulers. In that context, it is much more logical and plausible that the side with the church building and the inscription "Christiana Religio" should be considered the obverse. It also makes more sense in terms of the imagery.

Morrison-Grunthal 489 ; Depeyrot 1179var. ; Prou 1010 ; 
Van der Chijs- (cf. XIII, 10) ; Gariel XLIII, 4 ; MEC I, 793var. RR
vf

weight 1,31gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Tetrastyle temple with cross in the centre and on the roof,
pellet left above roof, surrounded by the legend;  XPISTIANA RELIGIO
rev. Short cross with pellet in each quarter, within dotted circle,
surrounded by the legend;  ✠ H IVDOVVICVS IMP

Recent studies confirm just how effectively Charlemagne and Louis the Pious controlled the Frankish coinage, which provided them with both political and economic benefits. Between 792/793 and 840, trade accelerated, and the Carolingian empire became increasingly monetised. On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman emperor, which was reason to introduce this temple type with “Christian” legend. Under his son Louis the Pious temple deniers were widely struck in large quantities, with no Mint name mentioned on the coin, inscribed XPISTIANA RELIGIO (‘the Christian belief”). His Mints lay mainly in France, the Rhineland, north Italy and the Low Countries. There is a wide range in varieties and style. A specific style or mint die features sometimes makes it possible to attribute this anonymous coin type to a specific mint.

variant with IVDOVVICVS instead of LVDOVVICVS. The dot left above the roof is very unusual and seems to be unpublished in the standard reference literature. It might be a reference to a specific mint. Extremely rare as such.

Although the side with the cross, which bears the emperor′s name, is traditionally considered the obverse, I believe that this may not have been the intention in medieval thinking. After all, Christ and the Christian faith were the supreme power and ranked above secular rulers. In that context, it is much more logical and plausible that the side with the church building and the inscription "Christiana Religio" should be considered the obverse. It also makes more sense in terms of the imagery.

Morrison-Grunthal 472var. ; Prou 1002var. ;
Depeyrot 1178/1179var. ; MEC I, 794var. RRR
vf

weight 1,65gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Tetrastyle temple with cross in the centre and on the roof ,
surrounded by the legend;  XPISTIΛNΛ RELIGIO
rev. Short cross with pellet in each quarter, within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ H LVDOVVICVS IMP

Recent studies confirm just how effectively Charlemagne and Louis the Pious controlled the Frankish coinage, which provided them with both political and economic benefits. Between 792/793 and 840, trade accelerated, and the Carolingian empire became increasingly monetised. On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman emperor, which was reason to introduce this temple type with “Christian” legend. Under his son Louis the Pious temple deniers were widely struck in large quantities, with no Mint name mentioned on the coin, inscribed XPISTIANA RELIGIO (‘the Christian belief”). His Mints lay mainly in France, the Rhineland, north Italy and the Low Countries. There is a wide range in varieties and style. A specific style or mint die features sometimes makes it possible to attribute this anonymous coin type to a specific mint.

Although the side with the cross, which bears the emperor′s name, is traditionally considered the obverse, I believe that this may not have been the intention in medieval thinking. After all, Christ and the Christian faith were the supreme power and ranked above secular rulers. In that context, it is much more logical and plausible that the side with the church building and the inscription "Christiana Religio" should be considered the obverse. It also makes more sense in terms of the imagery.

This specimen has a thin protrusion on the right arm of the cross. This may be a distinguishing feature for a particular mint. This variant appears to be undescribed in the relevant reference literature. As such very rare. It remains uncertain which mint that could be. The good style suggests that a mint in France is most likely.

cf. Morrison-Grunthal 472 ; cf. Prou 990 ; cf. Depeyrot 1179 ;
cf. van der Chijs XIII,10 ; cf. MEC I, 793-796 RR
wonderfull specimen with attractive toning
xf-

weight 1,58gr. ; silver Ø 22mm.

rev. Tetrastyle temple with cross in the centre and on the roof,
surrounded by the legend; XPISTIΛNΛ REIIGIO
obv. Short cross with pellet in each quarter, within circle,
surrounded by the legend;  ✠ H LVDOVVICVS IMP

variant: with REIIGIO instead of the correct spelling RELIGIO: 

Recent studies confirm just how effectively Charlemagne and Louis the Pious controlled the Frankish coinage, which provided them with both political and economic benefits. Between 792/793 and 840, trade accelerated, and the Carolingian empire became increasingly monetised. On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman emperor, which was reason to introduce this temple type with ″Christian″ legend. Under his son Louis the Pious temple deniers were widely struck in large quantities, with no Mint name mentioned on the coin, inscribed XPISTIANA RELIGIO (′the Christian belief′). His Mints lay mainly in France, the Rhineland, north Italy and the Low Countries. There is a wide range in varieties and style. A specific style or mint die features sometimes makes it possible to attribute this anonymous coin type to a specific mint.

Although the side with the cross, which bears the emperor′s name, is traditionally considered the obverse, I believe that this may not have been the intention in medieval thinking. After all, Christ and the Christian faith were the supreme power and ranked above secular rulers. In that context, it is much more logical and plausible that the side with the church building and the inscription "Christiana Religio" should be considered the obverse. It also makes more sense in terms of the imagery.

This specimen has a thin protrusion (wedge) on the lower arm of the cross. This may be a distinguishing feature for a particular mint. This variant appears to be undescribed in the relevant reference literature. As such very rare. It remains uncertain which mint that could be. The good style suggests that a mint in France is most likely.

provenance: ex. Berkman collection

Morrison-Grunthal 472var. ; Prou 1002var. ; Depeyrot 1179var. ;
cf. MEC I, 795
Wonderful specimen, struck on a broad flan. Excellent details.
xf+

weight 1,72gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Short cross within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; + HLVDOVVICVS IMP
rev. PARISII  within circle of dots

cf. Künker Auktion 205, Lot 1416 (in xf € 2.600 + 20%)

Morrison-Grunthal 361 ; Depeyrot 759 ; Prou 317 ; 
Gariel XVII, 92-93 ; MEC I, 781  R
vf+ à vf/xf

weight 1,21gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Tetrastyle temple with cross in the centre and on the roof, two dots
beside the temple, and three dots beneath, surrounded by the legend;
XPISTIΛNΛ REIIGIO
rev. Short cross with one dot in three corners and three dots in one corner,
within dotted circle. In outer circle the legend; ✠ HLVDOVVICVS IMP

This coin type, with the “mintmark” three dots is generally attributed
to the Mint of Quentovic. Very rare.

Quentovic was a Frankish emporium in the Early Middle Ages that was located on the European continent close to the English Channel. From what we know today, Quentovic was founded by a Neustrian king in the early 6th century.It was one of the two most prominent Frankish ports in the north (the other being Dorestad). In the Carolingian period, Quentovic was still one of the principal Frankish trading posts for English trade, specifically to the southeastern county of Kent.There is significant evidence that, during this time, the authority over the port was tightened. Merchants were forced to pay indirect taxes on most goods, in contrast to the fact that in most other places of the empire, merchants were exempt from paying taxes. The only places that the Frankish kings forced them to pay was in the alpine passes and the two ports of Dorestad and Quentovic. This royal toll, at its height, amounted to ten percent in the town of Quentovic. The tax was clearly one of the most important incomes of the time for the Franks. Without the taxes at the ports, Charlemagne would have had a difficult time funding his enormous army. Quentovic was also the port from where Frankish ambassadors left to conduct diplomacy with King Offa of Mercia. During Charlemagne′s reign, a number of monasteries wanted to own warehouses in or around Quentovic. These recorded monasteries include: St-Vaast, St-Riquier, St-Bertin, St-Germain-des-Prés, St-Wandrille, and Ferrières. When Frankish monasteries wanted goods that could not be found in the surrounding area, they would seek the supplies through trade. Many historians have argued that by the second half of the 9th century Quentovic was in decline. The Edict of Pistres in 864 is the last written reference to Quentovic. Probably it was abandoned in the 11th century.The town no longer exists, but until recently it was thought to have been situated near the mouth of the Canche River in what is today the French commune of Étaples. Archaeological discoveries led by David Hill in the 1980s found that the actual location of Quentovic was east of Étaples, in what is now the commune of La Calotterie.

Although the side with the cross, which bears the emperor′s name, is traditionally considered the obverse, I believe that this may not have been the intention in medieval thinking. After all, Christ and the Christian faith were the supreme power and ranked above secular rulers. In that context, it is much more logical and plausible that the side with the church building and the inscription "Christiana Religio" should be considered the obverse. It also makes more sense in terms of the imagery.

cf. Morrison-Grunthal 491 & 498 ; cf. Depeyrot 807 (and see notes at no.1179) ;
cf. Prou 1037 ; cf. Gariel XLIII, 13 ;  cf. Nouchy 5C  RR
vf/xf

weight 1,26gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Short cross within circle.
In outer circle the legend;  ✠ H LVDOVVICVS IMP
rev. Short cross within circle. In outer circle the legend;
✠ METALLVM

Melle is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. During the early Middle Ages, Melle was an active center of minting, thanks to important silver mines located under and around the city. These were mined from 602 to at least 995. The mined ore was galena: lead containing silver. The lead served first of all to pay a tribute to the Frankish kings: under Dagobert I, eight thousand pounds were sent to Paris every year, where he served for the cover of the Basilica of St Denis.

Under the reign of Charlemagne it was a mining centre and was, for a time, the home of the French mint: the Aachen penny of Charlemagne, the first coin of Charlemagne to be found at his capital of Aachen/Aix, was minted at Metullo. In the Middle Ages, Melle flourished as a town, as we can see from its surviving medieval houses and the three churches, built in the Romanesque style during the 11th and 12th centuries. The silver mines which supplied the mint continued to function off and on before being forgotten altogether in the 18th century, not to be discovered again until the 20th century. Today, Melle is a vibrant small town with a population of circa 6000. The mine is now a tourist attraction and can be visited most days of the year.

Morrison-Grunthal 400 ; Prou - ; Depeyrot 611 ;
MEC I, 762 ; Gariel XVI, 70 ; Nouchy page 94, no.34 R
Some minor weakness. Rare.
vf

weight 0,64gr. ; silver Ø 16mm.

obv. Tetrastyle temple with cross in the centre and on the roof ,
surrounded by the legend;  XPISTIΛNΛ RELIGIO
rev. Short cross with pellet in each quarter, within circle.
In outer circle the legend; + H LVDOVVICVS IMP

Recent studies confirm just how effectively Charlemagne and Louis the Pious controlled the Frankish coinage, which provided them with both political and economic benefits. Between 792/793 and 840, trade accelerated, and the Carolingian empire became increasingly monetised. On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman emperor, which was reason to introduce this temple type with “Christian” legend. Under his son Louis the Pious temple deniers were widely struck in large quantities, with no Mint name mentioned on the coin, inscribed XRISTIANA RELIGIO. His Mints lay mainly in France, the Rhineland, north Italy and the Low Countries. There is a wide range in varieties and style, which sometimes makes it possible to attribute a certain coin to a specific Mint. Also ½ deniers or obols were minted, but only on a small scale. These obols are much less common then the deniers. Rare.

Although the side with the cross, which bears the emperor′s name, is traditionally considered the obverse, I believe that this may not have been the intention in medieval thinking. After all, Christ and the Christian faith were the supreme power and ranked above secular rulers. In that context, it is much more logical and plausible that the side with the church building and the inscription "Christiana Religio" should be considered the obverse. It also makes more sense in terms of the imagery.

Morrison-Grunthal 473 ; Prou 1005 ; Depeyrot 1180 ;
van der Chijs XIII, 17 ; MEC I, 809 R
vf

weight 0,66gr. ; silver Ø 15mm.

obv. Short cross with pellet in each quarter, within circle.
In outer circle the legend;  + H LVDOVVCV
rev. Short cross within circle. In outer circle the legend;
PISTIΛNΛ RI

This coin type, with small cross on both sides and with these legends
seems to be unpublished in the important reference literature.
Possibly unique. Extremely rare.

Morrison-Grunthal- ; Prou- ; Depeyrot- ; 
van der Chijs- (cf. XIII, 18-19) ; MEC I, - RRRR
vf

weight 0,52gr. ; silver Ø 15mm.

obv. Short cross within circle .
In outer circle the legend; + L DVCS IMP
rev. Legend in two lines; NAR / BONA

Very unusual obverse legend, which was only used for Narbonne. Depeyrot listed only 4 examples of this coin type ; museum Berlin, museum New York and two examples in the Bibliothèque Paris (the examples of Prou 837 and 838). Extremely rare.

Morrison-Grunthal 431 ; Prou 837-838 ; Gariel XVII, 87 ; 
Sebastian Steinbach, NNB. 4/10, pag.142, Abb.4  ;
Depeyrot 691 (4 ex.) ; MEC I - RRR
Minor edge damage.
vf

weight 1,61gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Karlogram within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ GRΛTIΛ D - I REX
rev. Short cross within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ BLESIΛNIS CΛSTR◊

Morrison-Grunthal 923 ; Prou 471 ; Depeyrot 160 ; MEC I, 855
vf

weight 1,71gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Short cross within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ CARLVS IMP AVG
rev. Karlogram within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ BITVRICES CIVIT

In 875, after the death of the Emperor Louis II (son of his half-brother Lothair), Charles the Bald, supported by Pope John VIII, traveled to Italy, receiving the royal crown at Pavia and the imperial insignia in Rome on 25 December. As emperor, Charles combined the mottoes that had been used by his grandfather and father into a single formula: renovatio imperii Romani et Francorum, "renewal of the empire of the Romans and Franks". These words appeared on his seal.

Since Charles the Bald died in 877, he was only emperor for a short period. However, during that period, coins bearing his imperial title took place in various mints, thirteen in total. Most of these coins are very rare, except for the ones from Bourges and Nevers. Although the coinage in Bourges and Nevers probably started under Charles the Bald, it is generally assumed that the coinage continued after 877, including under the emperor Charles the Fat (881-887) and probably afterwards. This explains that the production in Bourges and Nevers, in the name of Charles as emperor, was extensive and that these pieces are therefore not rare.

The name of the commune derives either from the Bituriges, the name of the original inhabitants, or from the Germanic word Burg (French: bourg), for "hill" or "village". The Celts called it Avaricon (Latin: Avaricum). Rome reconstructed Avaricum as a Roman town, with a monumental gate, aqueducts, thermae and an amphitheatre; it reached a greater size than it would attain during the Middle Ages. Bourges functions as the seat of an archbishopric. During the 8th century Bourges lay on the northern fringes of the Duchy of Aquitaine and was therefore the first town to come under Frankish attacks when the Franks crossed the Loire. The Frankish Charles Martel captured the town in 731, but Duke Odo the Great of Aquitaine immediately re-took it. It remained under the rule of counts who pledged allegiance to the Aquitanian dukes up to the destructive siege by the Frankish King Pepin the Short in 762, when Basque troops are found defending the town along with its count. During the Middle Ages, Bourges served as the capital of the Viscounty of Bourges until 1101.

Morrison-Grunthal 1479 ; cf. Prou 743-744 ;
Depeyrot 198 ; Gariel XLII, 45var. ; MEC I, 914-916
Minor weakness of strike. Attractive toning. Nice coin.
vf/xf

weight 1,56gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Karlogram within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ GRΛTIΛ D - I REX
rev. Short cross within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ I⎯CVRTISAS◊NIEH

CVRTISASONIEN = Curtis Sasoniensis was a small hamlet now called Courcessin or Courgeon (on modern maps Court-Sessin) 3 km. east of Corbon (dep. Orne) in the Hiémois, close to the border between Normany and Perche. The mint of Courcessin must have been open for some four decades. The limiting dates are the introduction of the Gratia D-I Rex type in 864 and, probably, the cession of Normandy to Rollo in 911. It is at first sight surprising that coins of a locality of such obscurity should occur in so many hoards, and be among the commonest of the Carolingian period. The explanation, probably, is the fact that Courcessin was a possession of Saint-Germain-des Prés. The abbey, though one of the wealthiest in France, had no mint in Paris itself, and there was none at Séez, the diocese in which Courcessin was situated; Séez is indeed the only episcopal see in northern France which played no part in the GDR coinage. A mint at Courcessin would have made it possible for the rents of the large group of abbatial estates in the region to be turned into coin on the spot, and go far to explaining the commonness of these coins today (MEC p.635-637).

Morrison-Grunthal 895 ; Prou 411 ; Depeyrot 375; MEC I, 860
xf-

weight 1,66gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Short cross within circle  + CAR•LVS R•EX•
rev. PARI  /  S • II in two lines

cf. Morrison-Grunthal 825-825 ; cf. Depeyrot 761 ; cf. Prou 321 ; 
cf. Gariel pl.LI, no.55 ; cf. MEC I, 833 RR
vf/xf à xf-

weight 1,70gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Karlogram within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ CRΛTIΛ D ⁻ I REX
rev. Short cross within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ REMIS CIVITAS

Founded by the Gauls, Reims became a major city in the Roman Empire. Christianity had become established in the city by 260, at which period Saint Sixtus of Reims founded the Diocese of Reims (which would be elevated to an archdiocese around 750). The consul Jovinus, an influential supporter of the new faith, repelled the Alamanni who invaded Champagne in 336; but the Vandals captured the city in 406 and slew Bishop Nicasius; and in 451 Attila the Hun put Reims to fire and sword.

In 496, ten years after Clovis, King of the Salian Franks, won his victory at Soissons (486), Remigius, the bishop of Reims, baptized him using the oil of the sacred phial–purportedly brought from heaven by a dove for the baptism of Clovis and subsequently preserved in the Abbey of Saint-Remi. Reims later played a prominent ceremonial role in French monarchical history as the traditional site of the coronation of the kings of France. The royal anointing was performed at the Cathedral of Reims, which housed the Holy Ampulla of chrism allegedly brought by a white dove at the baptism of Frankish king Clovis I in 496. For this reason, Reims is often referred to in French as la cité des sacres ("the Coronation City"). Meetings of Pope Stephen II (752–757) with Pepin the Short, and of Pope Leo III (795–816) with Charlemagne (died 814), took place at Reims; and here Pope Stephen IV crowned Louis the Debonnaire in 816. King Louis IV gave the city and countship of Reims to the archbishop Artaldus in 940. By the 10th century, Reims had become a centre of intellectual culture. Archbishop Adalberon (in office 969 to 988), seconded by the monk Gerbert (afterwards (from 999 to 1003) Pope Silvester II), founded schools which taught the classical "liberal arts". (Adalberon also played a leading role in the dynastic revolution which elevated the Capetian dynasty in the place of the Carolingians.)

Morrison-Grunthal 1389var. ; Prou 302var. ;
Gariel XXXIII, 194var. ; Depeyrot 834 ; MEC I, 892
Atractive toning.
vf+

weight 1,39gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.

obv. Karlogram within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ X CRΛTIΛ D  I REX
rev. Short cross within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ ROTVHΛCVS CIVII

Rouen was founded by the Gaulish tribe of Veliocasses, who controlled a large area in the lower Seine valley, which today retains a trace of their name as the Vexin. The Gauls named the settlement Ratumacos and the Romans called it Rotomagus. Roman Rotomagus was the second city of Gallia Lugdunensis, after Lugdunum (Lyon). After the reorganization of the empire by Diocletian, Rouen became the chief city of the divided province of Gallia Lugdunensis II and reached the peak of its Roman development, with an amphitheatre and thermae, the foundations of which remain today. In the 5th century, it became the seat of a bishopric and later a capital of Merovingian Neustria. The city flourished during the Carolingian dynasty and was one of the important citiesAfter the first Viking incursion into the lower valley of the Seine in 841, they went on to overrun Rouen, and some of them settled and founded a colony led by Rollo (Hrolfr), who was nominated to be count of Rouen by King Charles in 911. In the 10th century Rouen became the capital of the Duchy of Normandy and the residence of the dukes, until William the Conqueror established his castle at Caen. Invaded by the Normans in 876, it became subject to the English crown after the Norman Conquest of England (1066). In 1204 the French captured Rouen, and the city prospered until the Hundred Years′ War (1337–1453), when, in 1419, it was taken by Henry V of England. In 1430 St. Joan of Arc, the patron saint of France, was imprisoned at Rouen in a tower that still stands and now bears her name.

Morrison-Grunthal 876var. ; Prou 385var. ; Depeyrot 878 ; MEC I, 893var.
minor testmark on reverse
vf

weight 1,46gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.

obv. Karlogram within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ CRΛTIΛ D I REX
rev. Short cross within circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ SVESSIO CIVITΛS

Soissons enters written history under its Celtic name, later borrowed into Latin, Noviodunum, meaning "new hillfort", which was the capital of the Suessiones. At Roman contact, it was a town of the Suessiones, mentioned by Julius Caesar. In 57 BC Caesar, after leaving the Axona (modern Aisne), entered the territory of the Suessiones, and making one day′s long march, reached Noviodunum, which was surrounded by a high wall and a broad ditch. The place surrendered to Caesar. From 457 to 486, under Aegidius and his son Syagrius, Noviodunum was the capital of the Kingdom of Soissons, until it fell to the Frankish king Clovis I in 486 after the Battle of Soissons.

Part of the Frankish territory of Neustria, the Soissons region, and the Abbey of Saint-Médard, founded in the sixth century, played an important political part during the rule of the Merovingian dynasty (447–751). After the death of Clovis I in 511, Soissons was made the capital of one of the four kingdoms into which his states were divided. As a tribute to Clovis and his descendants, his symbol the fleur de lys (which became a symbol France and of the monarchy) continues to be symbol of the city of Soissons. Eventually, the kingdom of Soissons disappeared in 613 when the Frankish lands were amalgamated under Chlothar II. The 744 Council of Soissons met at the instigation of Pepin the Short and Saint Boniface, the Pope′s missionary to pagan Germany, secured the condemnation of the Frankish bishop Adalbert and the missionary Clement of Ireland.

Morrison-Grunthal 805 ; Prou 278 ; MEC I, 901 ;
Gariel XXXV, 248 ; Depeyrot 937
Some minor weakness of strike. Attractive toning.
vf/xf

weight 1,73gr. ; silver Ø 21mm.

obv. Short cross within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend;  ✠ CΛRLVS REX
rev. Karlogram within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend;  ✠ TOLOSA

Morrison-Grunthal 1097 ; Depeyrot 1001 ;
Prou 817; MEC I, - ; Gariel pl.XXIII, no. 68
xf-

weight 1,63gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.

obv. ODO, cross above and cross below, within circle,
around the legend + GRATIAD - I RE
rev. Short cross within circle, around the legend +LIMOVICAS CIVIS

Odo (or Eudes) was the eldest son of Robert the Strong, who was Duke of the Franks, Marquis of Neustria, and Count of Anjou. After his father′s death in 866, Odo inherited his Marquis of Neustria title. Odo lost this title in 868 when king Charles the Bald appointed Hugh the Abbot to the title. Odo regained it following the death of Hugh in 886. After 882 he held the post of Count of Paris. Odo was also the lay abbot of St. Martin of Tours. In 888 Odo was chosen as King of Francia by the western Frankish nobles following the overthrow of Emperor Charles the Fat. He was crowned at Compiègne in February 888 by Walter, Archbishop of Sens. He was the first king from the Robertian dynasty. Odo died in La Fère on 1 January 898.

Morrison-Grunthal 1332 ; Depeyrot 511 ; Prou 783; MEC 973
Minor weakness. Very attractive coin with appealing tone.
vf

weight 4,14gr. ; silver Ø 26mm.

obv. Church surrounded by the legend; ✠TVRONVS•CIVIS, in outer circle
twelve circles with fleurs-de-lis
rev. Short cross within circle. Inner circle legend: ✠PHILIPPVS REX,,
outer circle legend; ✠BNDICTV⋮SIT⋮NOMЄ⋮DNI⋮NRI⋮DЄI⋮IHVXPI
(the name of our Lord Jesus Christ be blessed)

King Philip IV, deeply in debt to the Knights Templar, took advantage of rumors about the Order′s secret initiation ceremony. On Friday 13 October 1307 he had the Order′s members in France arrested (the origin of the Friday the 13th superstition). Pope Clement, under threat from Philip, instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets. Many Templars were tortured into giving false confessions and burned at the stake. Grand Master Jacques de Molay, burned alive in Paris in 1314, called out from the flames, "Dieu sait qui a tort et a pëché. Il va bientot arriver malheur à ceux qui nous ont condamnés à mort" ("God knows who is wrong and has sinned. Soon a calamity will occur to those who have condemned us to death"). Pope Clement died only a month later, and King Philip died in a hunting accident before the end of the year.

The stylistically depicted building on the obverse is consistently referred to as the "Castle of Tours" in numismatic literature and is generally considered the reverse of the coin. I doubt this. Medieval thinking would have been more inclined to endow coins with Christian symbolism. Therefore, I believe it′s more plausible that the Romanesque cathedral of Tours is depicted here and not the castle of Tours. Naturally, we should therefore consider this prominent Christian image the obverse of the coin. The "secular" King Philip IV is subordinate to it and is therefore mentioned in the text on the reverse.

Duplessy 213 ; Ciani 201 ; Lafaurie 217 ; de Mey 102
very attractive specimen with sharp details
xf

weight 3,76gr. ; silver 958/1000 ; Ø 26mm.

obv. Church surrounded by the legend; ✠TVRONVS CIVIS
within border of dots, surrounded by twelve double-lined arches
with lily inside 
rev. Short cross patteé within dotted circle, surrounded by the
legend: ✠PHILIPPVS REX within dotted circle, surrounded
by the legend; BNDICTV⋮SIT⋮NOMЄ⋮DNI⋮NRI⋮DЄI⋮IHV.XPI
(the name of our Lord Jesus Christ be blessed)

variants: L in PHILIPPVS topped by fleur-de-lis (lily). A dot is placed in the upper circle of the right tower. This is likely a distinguishing feature of a particular emission. Unpublished ? Extremely rare as such.

King Philip IV, deeply in debt to the Knights Templar, took advantage of rumors about the Order′s secret initiation ceremony. On Friday 13 October 1307 he had the Order′s members in France arrested (the origin of the Friday the 13th superstition). Pope Clement, under threat from Philip, instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets. Many Templars were tortured into giving false confessions and burned at the stake. Grand Master Jacques de Molay, burned alive in Paris in 1314, called out from the flames, "Dieu sait qui a tort et a pëché. Il va bientot arriver malheur à ceux qui nous ont condamnés à mort" ("God knows who is wrong and has sinned. Soon a calamity will occur to those who have condemned us to death"). Pope Clement died only a month later, and King Philip died in a hunting accident before the end of the year.

The stylistically depicted building on the obverse is consistently referred to as the "Castle of Tours" in numismatic literature and is generally considered the reverse of the coin. I doubt this. Medieval thinking would have been more inclined to endow coins with Christian symbolism. Therefore, I believe it′s more plausible that the Romanesque cathedral of Tours is depicted here and not the castle of Tours. Naturally, we should therefore consider this prominent Christian image the obverse of the coin. The "secular" King Philip IV is subordinate to it and is therefore mentioned in the text on the reverse.

Duplessy 214var. ; Ciani 206var. ; Lafaurie 218var. ;
de Mey 135var. ; cf. Numista 38306 RRR
attractive specimen
vf/xf

weight 1,37gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
type O′rond.

obv. Church surrounded by the legend; ✠ TVRONV.S•CIVIS within circle.
In outer circle ten circles with fleurs-de-lis.
rev. Short cross within circle, inner circle legend; ✠ PHILIPPVS•REX,
outer circle legend; ✠BNDICTV⋮SIT⋮NOMЄ⋮DHINI

The stylistically depicted building on the obverse is consistently referred to as the "Castle of Tours" in numismatic literature and is generally considered the reverse of the coin. I doubt this. Medieval thinking would have been more inclined to endow coins with Christian symbolism. Therefore, I believe it′s more plausible that the Romanesque cathedral of Tours is depicted here and not the castle of Tours. Naturally, we should therefore consider this prominent Christian image the obverse of the coin. The "secular" King Philip IV is subordinate to it and is therefore mentioned in the text on the reverse.

variety; with DHINI instead of DNI⋮NRI and with
two dots aside upper fleur-de-lis. Very rare.

cf. Duplessy 219c ; cf. Lafaurie 223a ; cf. Ciani 213 RR
vf

weight 0,96gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.

obv. Fleur-de-lis within dotted circle.
In outer circle the legend; ✠ PHILIPPVS REX
rev. Cross with fleur-de-lis ends intersecting the legend; TO - LA - CI - VI

Duplessy 220 ; Lafaurie 239 ; Ciani 239 ; Coll. Marchéville 441 RR
very rare coin type
vf

weight 3,91gr. ; bronze Ø16mm.

obv. Crowned king standing facing, holding long lily-sceptre in his right hand,
his left hand poiting to left. In outer circle the legend; POIS DЄ - RЄAOL
rev. Blanc

Dieudonné p.86-3a (Plate I, 5var.) ; Pommier 221var.  RR
Very attractive medieval coin weight. Rare.
vf+

weight 2,53gr. ; silver Ø 24mm.

obv. Halflong cross within circle. Inner circle legend + PhI - LIP - PVS - REX,
outer circle legend +BNDICTV:SIT:NOMЄ:DNI:NRI:DЄI
rev. Castle with crown above and surrounded by the legend FRANCORVM
In outer circle eleven circles with fleurs-de-lis

Duplessy 262 ; Lafaurie 266 ; Ciani 297
vf

weight 2,98gr. ; silver Ø 29mm.

obv. Three fleurs-de-lis, arranged two and one, within dotted circle, surrounded
by the legend; KAROLVS☉DEI☉GRA☉FRANCORV☉REX and crown
rev. Long cross pattée placed over dotted circle, with in the quarters  F-R-A-C′ ,
surrounded by  the legend; ✠SIT:NO - MЄ:NOM - INI:BЄN - ЄDICTV.
The "C" of BЄNЄDICTVM is pointed.

Charles VII was born on 22 February 1403 at the Hôtel Saint-Pol, the royal residence in Paris, as the eleventh child and fifth son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. He was given the title of comte de Ponthieu at his birth. His four elder brothers, Charles (1386), Charles (1392–1401), Louis (1397–1415) and John (1398–1417) had each held the title of Dauphin of France (heir to the French throne) in turn. All died childless, leaving Charles with a rich inheritance of titles. After the death of his father on 21 October 1422, Charles became the new King of France. However, due to the Treaty of Troyes (1420), in which Charles VI signed for King Henry V of England as his legimate successor to the throne of France, a new conflict with England was born; the succession was claimed both by the King of England and by the disinherited younger Charles.

Charles VII inherited the throne of France under desperate circumstances. Forces of the Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Burgundy occupied Guyenne and northern France, including Paris, the most populous city, and Reims, the city in which the French kings were traditionally crowned. In addition, his father Charles VI had disinherited him in 1420 and recognized Henry V of England and his heirs as the legitimate successors to the French crown instead. At the same time, a civil war raged in France between the Armagnacs (supporters of the House of Valois) and the Burgundian party (supporters of the House of Valois-Burgundy allied to the English).

With his court removed to Bourges, south of the Loire River, Charles was disparagingly called the ″King of Bourges″, because the area around this city was one of the few remaining regions left to him. However, his political and military position improved dramatically with the emergence of Joan of Arc (Jeanne d′Arc) as a spiritual leader in France. Joan of Arc and other charismatic figures led French troops to lift the siege of Orléans, as well as other strategic cities on the Loire river, and to crush the English at the battle of Patay. With the local English troops dispersed, the people of Reims switched allegiance and opened their gates, which enabled the coronation of Charles VII in 1429 at Reims Cathedral. This long-awaited event boosted French morale as hostilities with England resumed. Following the battle of Castillon in 1453, the French expelled the English from all their continental possessions except for the Pale of Calais. Charles′ later years were marked by hostile relations with his heir, Louis XI the Dauphin, who demanded real power to accompany his position as the Dauphin. In 1458, Charles became ill.

The king lingered on for the next two and a half years, increasingly ill, but unwilling to die. There came a point in July 1461 when the king′s physicians concluded that Charles would not live past August. Ill and weary, the king became delirious, convinced that he was surrounded by traitors loyal only to his son. Under the pressure of sickness and fever, he went mad. By now another infection in his jaw had caused an abscess in his mouth. The swelling caused by this became so large that, for the last week of his life, Charles was unable to swallow food or water. Although he asked the Dauphin to come to his deathbed, Louis refused, instead waiting at Avesnes, in Burgundy, for his father to die. At Mehun-sur-Yèvre, attended by his younger son, Charles, and aware of his elder son′s final betrayal, the King starved to death. He died on 22 July 1461, and was buried, at his request, beside his parents in Saint-Denis.

This type, following the dubbele groot Kromstaert of Flanders, was not minted by the local robber baron but by the king of France himself. Duplessy notes that it had a face value of 14 deniers tournois. Rare.

Duplessy 480C ; Ciani 657var. ; Lafaurie 480c ;
cf. Hoc 169 ; de Mey 120 R
vf

weight 3,37gr. ; gold Ø 26mm.

obv. Crowned arms of France, sun above, within circle, around the legend
LVDOVICVS:DEI:GRIACIA:FRANCORVM:REX
rev. Cross fleudelissée within circle
+XPS:VINCIT:XPS:REGNAT:XPS:IMPERAT trefoil and fleur-de-lis.
anulet at 9^th position, dot at 12^th position, and mintmark trefoil
Variety with XPS instead of XPC and GRIACIA (sic !) instead of GRACIA.
Very rare.

cf. Duplessy 647 ; cf. Ciani 900 ; cf. Lafaurie 592 ; cf. Friedberg 323 RR
vf/xf

weight 3,40gr. ; gold Ø 26mm.
with mintmark E (Grenoble)
mintmastermark rose
2nd type, first emission.

obv. Quartered field of France-Dauphiné, sun above, within circle.
In outer circle the legend; FRANCISCVS∘DEI∘GRA∘FRACOR∘REX✿E
rev. Cross fleurdelisé with central quadrilobed, crowned F′s in alternate
angles, within circle. In outer circle the legend;
•XPS:VINCIT:XPS:RENAT:XPS:INPERAT•✿

Variety with INPERAT instead of the correct IMPERAT. Very rare.

cf. Duplessy 783 ; cf. Ciani 1083 ; cf. Lafaurie 646 ; cf. Friedberg 355 RR
Some minor weakness.
vf/xf à vf+

weight 7,16gr. ; gold Ø 28mm.
Emission dot below the A in FRAN.
Unpublished variety with dot after mintmark B.

obv. Cuirassed bust right  HENRICVS•II•D•G•FRAN•REX
rev. Cross of four H′s with two crescents and two lis in angles
DVM•TOTVM•COMPLEAT•ORBEM•1558 and star

Duplessy 971 ; Ciani 1237 ; Lafaurie 809 ;
Sombart 4974 (a) ; Friedberg 367 RR
Very rare coin, and extremely rare variety.
vf-/vf

weight 9,39gr. ; silver Ø 29mm.
variant: dot below mintmark D

obv. Bare headed cuirassed bust of Henri II right, surrounded by the legend;
HENRICVS•II•D•G•FRANC•REX•M•
rev. Crowned arms of France, deviding two crowned H′s, mintmark D below,
surrounded by the legend; +XPS•VINCIT•XPS•REGNAT•XPS•IMP•1560•M•

This coin was struck posthumously in the name of
King Henri II during the reign of King François II.

Duplessy 1031 ; Ciani 1268 ; Lafaurie 865 ; Sombart 4558
partly weak struck
f/vf à vf-

weight 9,60gr. ; silver 917/1000 ; Ø 31mm.
¼ écu = 15 sols = ¾ livre

obv. Short cross with lilies on the ends, surrounded by the legend;
✠HENRICVS•III•D•G•FRAN•ET•POL•REX 1589
rev. Crowned arms of France, mintmark •A• below, deviding II - II,
surrounded by the legend; SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI•BENEDICTVM

variants; secret dots below the E in ET (obverse) and below the second
E in BENEDICTVM (reverse). Dot inside all letters D.

Duplessy 1133 ; Ciani 1438 ; Lafaurie 973 : Sombart 4662
very attractive specimen for the type 
vf

weight 9,42gr. ; silver 917/1000 ; Ø 30mm.
¼ écu = 15 sols = ¾ livre

obv. Leafy cross with quatrefoil punctuated in the heart, surrounded
by the legend; ✠HENRICVS❖4❖D❖G❖FRANC❖ET❖NAVA❖RX❖1591
rev. Crowned arms of France, deviding II - II, mintmark L below, surrounded
by te legend;  SIT❖NOMEN❖DOMINI❖BENEDICTVM and mintmastermark

Duplessy 1224 ; Ciani 1517 ; Sombart 4686
vf

weight 13,51gr. ; silver Ø 33mm.
engravers; Jean Warin & Isaac Briot

obv. Laureate and draped bust right, surrounded by the legend:
LVDOVICVS•XIII•D•G•FR•ET•NAV•REX
rev. Crowned arms of France, small rose above, •A• below,
around SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI - BENEDICTVM•1642

In the years of 1640 and 1641, two new coins were launched in Paris that would soon gain importance far beyond the borders of France. The first was a gold coin that was called Louis d′or, after the image of King Louis XIII (1610-1643) on the obverse. In the following year, the Louis d′argent or écu blanc came out, a coin reminiscent of the German talers. Of the Louis d′or and the Louis d′argent, several divisions existed. This half Louis d′argent was produced in Paris – in the Louvre, where the mint was located at that time.

KM.121 ; Gadoury 49 ; Duplessy 1346 ; Droulers 117A ; DFW.83
Very attractive coin with appealing patina.
vf

weight 12,33gr. ; silver Ø 32mm.
engraver; Jean Warin

The dated 1643 is altered from 1642. Unpublished variety. Very rare.

obv. Laurated and draped bust right  LVDOVICVS•XIII•D•G•FR•ET•NAV•REX
rev. Crowned arms of France, small rose above, •A• below,
around SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI - BENEDICTVM•1643

In the years of 1640 and 1641, two new coins were launched in Paris that would soon gain importance far beyond the borders of France. The first was a gold coin that was called Louis d′or, after the image of King Louis XIII (1610-1643) on the obverse. In the following year, the Louis d′argent or écu blanc came out, a coin reminiscent of the German talers. Of the Louis d′or and the Louis d′argent, several divisions existed. This half Louis d′argent was produced in Paris – in the Louvre, where the mint was located at that time.

cf. KM.135.1 ; cf. Gadoury 50 ; cf. Duplessy 1350 ;
cf. Droulers 118 ; cf. DFW.83 RR
vf

weight 18,35gr. ; silver 857.3/1000 ; Ø 35mm.

obv. Draped and cuirassed bust of Louis XIV right, sun above,
surrounded by the legend; •LVD•XIIII•D•G - FR•ET•NAV•REX•
rev. Crowned arms of France-Burgundy, mintmark •X• below,
surrounded by the legend; SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI - BENEDICTUM•1686

The coins of the "Flandre" series were made from the silver of re-melted coins from the Spanish Netherlands (eg from Flanders). The 1/2 ecu was issued at a rate of 40 sols tournois.

Gadoury 182 ; Duplessy 1510 ; Droulers 537 B ; 
Ciani 1885 ; DFW.238 (R3) ; KM.262.3  RR
a very rare coin
f+ à f/vf

weight 13,20gr. ; silver Ø 33mm.
1e reformation

obv. Draped and cuirassed bust of Louis XIV right, sun above,
1691 below., around LVD•XIIII•D•G - FR•ET•NAV•REX
rev. Cross formed of eight crowned L′s, cantonned with four lilies,
D in centre, around ☾ CHRS - REGN - VINC - IMP ★

Gadoury 184 ; Duplessy 1515A ; Droulers 557 ;
Ciani 1890 ; DFW.246 ; KM.273.3
Attractive patina.
f/vf à vf-

weight 12,23gr. ; silver 833/1000 ; Ø 34mm.

obv. Cuirassed bust of Louis XIV right, ★below, surrounded by the legend;
LVD•XIIII•D•G - FR•ET•NAV•REX
rev. Crowned arms of France, sun above, mintmark •BB• below,
surrounded by the legend; MONETA♣NOVA ★ ARGENTINENSIS

This coin type was minted for circulation in the dioceses of Strasbourg, Metz and Basel.

Gadoury 200 ; Duplessy 1606 ; Droulers 574 ; 
Ciani 2061 ; DFW.377 ; KM.409.2 R
vf-/vf+

weight 12,14gr. ; silver 833/1000 ; Ø 33mm.

obv. Cuirassed bust of Louis XIV right,surrounded by the legend;
LVD•XIIII•D•G - FR•ET•NAV•REX★
rev. Crowned arms of France, deviding 17 - 14, sun above, mintmark •A• below,
surrounded by the legend; MONETA❀NOVA - ARGENTINENSIS

This coin type was minted for circulation in the dioceses of Strasbourg, Metz and Basel.

Droulers describes this coin type as a piece of 48 sols. The date 1714 has been altered from 1713. This variant seems to be unpublished in the relevant reference literature. Extremely rare as such.

Gadoury 200var. ; Duplessy 1606var. ; Droulers 575var. ; 
Ciani 2061var. ; DFW.377var. ; KM.409.1var.  RRR
vf

weight 6,26gr. ; silver 917/1000 ; Ø 28mm.
mintmaster Simon Roger
reformation

obv. Draped and cuirassed bust of Louis XIV right, sun above,
surrounded by the legend; LVD•XIV•D•G - FR•ET•NAV•REX
rev. Crowned round arms of France between two palms,
mintmark P below, surrounded by the legend;
SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI - BENEDICTUM mintmastermark 1695

Mintage of only 23.592 pieces. Only a few pieces known. Extremely rare.

Gadoury 152 ; Duplessy 1522 ; Droulers 616 ; 
Ciani 1896 ; DFW.261 (R5) ; KM.293.16   RRR
f/vf

weight 2,19gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
buste à la mèche longue

obv. Draped bust of Louis XIV right, surrounded by the legend;
LVD•XIIII•D•G• - FR•ET•NAV•REX
rev. Crowned arms of France, mintmark & below, surrounded by
the legend; SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI - BENEDICTVM•1659

Aix-en-Provence, founded by Romans as Aquae Sextiae in 122 BC around its thermal springs, evolved from a Roman colony to become the medieval capital of Provence, a vibrant cultural and university center known for its art (home to Paul Cézanne) and stunning 17th-century mansions, maintaining its status as a judicial and cultural hub in southern France, despite Marseille becoming the political capital after the French Revolution.

Gadoury 112 ; Duplessy 1472 ; Ciani 1852 ;
Droulers 644 ; DFW.166 ; KM.166.22
minted with minor die and/or flanfailures
f/vf à vf-

weight 2,28gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
buste juvénile

obv. Draped bust of Louis XIV right, surrounded by the legend;
LVD•XIIII•D•G• - FR•ET•NAV•REX•
rev. Crowned arms of France, mintmark •A• below, surrounded by
the legend; SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI - BENEDICTVM•1659

Gadoury 115 ; Duplessy 1486 ; Ciani 1865 ;
Droulers 651A ; DFW.199 ; KM.199.1
Nearly uncirculated lustrous coin. Rare this nice.
unc-

weight 2,25gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.
buste juvénile

obv. Draped bust of Louis XIV right, surrounded by the legend;
LVD•XIIII•D•G• - FR•ET•NAV•REX•
rev. Crowned arms of France, mintmark •I• below, surrounded by
the legend; SIT•NOMEN•DOMINI - BENEDICTVM•1661

Gadoury 115 ; Duplessy 1486 ; Ciani 1865 ;
Droulers 651 I ; DFW.199 ; KM.199.5
A bit soft strike. Uncirculated lustrous coin. Rare this nice.
unc

weight 6,12gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.400.3 ; Gadoury 85 ; Duplessy 1593 ;
Ciani 2019 ; Droulers 704 ; DFW.361
Minor flan failures.
f/vf

weight 2,65gr. ; copper  Ø 21,5mm.
KM.407 ; Gadoury 82 ; Duplessy 1590 ;
Ciani 2016 ; Droulers 711 ; DFW.362 S
f/f+

weight 8,12gr. ; gold Ø 24,5mm.
mintmaster: Jean Valentin Begerie
mintmastermark: heart
engraver: J.C. Röettiers

obv. Draped buste of Louis XV left, ♥ below, surrounded by
the legend; LUD • XV • D • G • FR • ET• NAV • REX
rev. Oval inclined shields of France and Navarre under a crown, BB below,
surrounded by the legend; CHRS • REGN • VINC • IMPER✶ 1729

The year 1729 has been altered from 1728. This variant is not published in
the reference literature. From this year only 8.465 pieces were minted.

♦ extremely rare ♦

KM.489.4 ; Gadoury 340 ; Duplessy 1640 ; Ciani 2085 ;
Lafaurie 682 ; Droulers 727 ; DFW.478 (R5) ; Friedberg 461 RRR
some scratches on the obverse
vf+ à vf/xf

weight 29,16gr. ; silver Ø 41mm.
designed by Norbert Roëttiers
The silver ecu had the value of 120 sols.
edge lettered: DOMINE SALVUM FAC REGEM

obv. Uniformed bust of Louis XV to left, decorated with the cross of 
the Holy Spirit, small crescent below bust, surrounded by the legend; 
LUD • XV • D • G • FR • ET • NAV • REX
rev. Crowned arms of France between two olive branches, E below,
surrounded by the legend; SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTUM ★ 1726  

KM.486.7 ; Gadoury 321 ; Duplessy 1675 ; Ciani 2117 ;
Lafaurie 684 ; Droulers 746 ; DFW.480 ; Davenport 1330
Minor graffiti on the obverse.
vf-

weight 29,10gr. ; silver Ø 40mm.
KM.486.16 ; Gadoury 321 ; Duplessy 1675 ; Ciani 2117 ;
Lafourie 684 ; Droulers 746 ; DFW.480 ; Davenport 1330
very attractive coin with an appealing patina
vf+ à vf/xf

weight 28,79gr. ; silver Ø 40mm.
KM.486.20 ; Gadoury 321 ; Duplessy 1675 ; Ciani 2117 ;
Lafaurie 684 ; Droulers 746 ; DFW.480 ; Davenport 1330
light adjust marks
vf

weight 29,08gr. ; silver Ø 41mm.
designed by Norbert Roëttiers
The silver ecu had the value of 120 sols.

edge lettered: DOMINE SALVUM FAC REGEM
obv. Uniformed bust of Louis XV to left, decorated with the cross of 
the Holy Spirit, small crescent below bust, surrounded by the legend; 
LUD • XV • D • G • FR • ET • NAV • REX
rev. Crowned arms of France between two olive branches, L below,
surrounded by the legend; SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTUM ★ 1738

The date 1738 has been altered from 1737. This variant seems to be
unpublished in the relevant reference literature. Very rare as such.

KM.486.12var. ; Gadoury 321var. ; Duplessy 1675 ; Ciani 2117 ;
Lafaurie 684 ; Droulers 746var. ; DFW.480var. ; Davenport 1330  RR
Obverse die break en light adjust marks.
f/vf

weight 28,91gr. ; silver Ø 41mm.
Mintmark clover (Renard de Petiton).

Only 5.418 pieces minted. Extremely rare.

In 1738 there was a change of mintmaster at the Mint of Troyes. In total only 19.067 ecu’s were minted in 1738. The first part of 5.418 pieces by mintmaster Renard de Petiton (mm.clover), the second part of 13.649 pieces  by mintmaster Leblond de la Tour (mm.tower). 

KM.486.21 ; Gadoury 321 ; Duplessy 1675 ; Ciani 2117 ;
Lafaurie 684 ; Droulers 746 ; DFW.- (cf. 480) RRR
f/vf

weight 2,87gr. ; silver Ø 21mm.
KM.511.2 ; Gadoury 292 ; Duplessy 1683 ;
Ciani 2127 ; Lafaurie 701 ; Droulers 776 ; DFW.497
f/vf

weight 2,71gr. ; silver Ø 22mm.
KM.- (cf. 511.2) ; Gadoury 292 ; Duplessy 1683 ;
Ciani 2127 ; Lafaurie 701 ; Droulers 776 ; DFW.497 S
f/vf

weight 5,82gr. ; silver Ø 26,5mm.

Mintage of  77.657 pieces. Extremely rare.

KM.- (cf. 482.4) ; Gadoury 298 ; Duplessy 1677 ; Ciani 2119 ;
Lafaurie 686 ; Droulers 766 ; DFW.482 (R5)
vf-/vf+

weight 1,87gr. ; billon Ø 22mm.
KM. 500.1 ; Gadoury 281 ; Duplessy 1690 ; Ciani 2138 ;
Lafourie 689 ; Droulers 785 ; DFW.499
vf-

weight 28,98gr. ; silver Ø 42mm.
mintmaster: Michel Souton
mintmastersmark: scepter with hand (hand of Justice)
mintmark: cow
engraver: Pierre-Benjamin Duvivier
The silver ecu had the value 6 livres of 20 sols (= 120 sols).

obv. Dressed bust of the king facing left, wearing a jacket embroidered with
the Order of the Holy Spirit, hair tied at the back of the neck with a ribbon.
Signature of the engraver inscribed under the shoulder and mintmastersmark
scepter below bust. Around the legend; LUD•XVI•D•G•FR• - ET NA•RE•ED
rev. Crowned oval shield of France between two olive branches,
mintmark cow below, surrounded by the legend;
SIT NOMEN DOMINI  -  BENEDICTUM sheaf of grain 1785
edge lettered: DOMINE SALVUM FAC REGEM

Duplessy 1708 ; Ciani 2187 ; Gadoury 356a ;
Droulers 808a ; DFW.552 ; KM.572 ; Davenport 1334
Soft strike of the obverse centre. Attractive toning.
vf à vf/xf

weight 14,64gr. ; silver Ø 32mm.
KM.562.13 ; Gadoury 355; Droulers 810
Very attractive and well-struck coin with appealing patina.
vf+/xf-

weight 11,78gr. ; copper Ø 29mm.

dot below D in LUD (2nd semester)

KM.578.1 ; Gadoury 350 ; Droulers 816
f/vf

weight 2,82gr. ; copper Ø 22mm.
KM.543.2 ; Duplessy 1701 ; Ciani 2149 ;
Gadoury 272 ; Droulers 799 ; DFW.522
Somewhat weak obverse strike, but very attractive for the type.
Scarce.
vf/xf

weight 14,93gr. ; silver Ø 32mm.

The date 1793 is altered from 1792, and L′AN 5 is altered from L′AN 4.
This variety seems to be unpublished  in any of the reference literature.
Only Droulers mentiones this overdate variety, but in his case the coin has
no lyre on the reverse. This coin has a lyre on the reverse. Very rare.

cf. KM.613.1 ; cf. Gadoury 430 ; cf. Droulers 902 (TTB € 1800 SUP € 3000) RR
Very minor adjust marks. Attractive coin with patina.
vf/xf

weight 23,60gr. ; bronze Ø 34mm.
AN 4 and with FRANCAIS
KM.612 ; Gadoury 24 ; Droulers 906 E
vf-

weight 11,86 ;  bronze Ø 29mm.
KM.600.3 ; Gadoury 15 ; Droulers 907
f/vf

weight 10,14gr. ; copper Ø 28mm.
KM.640.2 ; Gadoury 126a
Weakly struck in the centre.
vf à vf+

weight 10,02gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
KM.657.1 ; Gadoury 494
Minor edge nicks, otherwise very attractive coin with appealing toning.
vf/xf à xf-

weight 24,76gr. ; silver Ø 36,5mm.
Engraver: Pierre-Joseph Tiolier
Anno 12 = 1803/1804
KM.660.1 ; Gadoury 579 ; Davenport 83
vf

weight 24,76gr. ; silver Ø 36,5mm.
KM.686.1 ; Gadoury 585
Attractive lustrous coin with sharp details.
xf-

weight 24,62gr. ; silver Ø 36,5mm.

Only 64.604 pieces minted. Rare.

KM.694.7 ; Gadoury 584 R
vf-

weight 24,96gr. ; silver Ø 36,5mm.
KM.694.16 ; Gadoury 584
Very minor planchetfault, otherwise very attractive coin with fine details.
xf

weight 9,43gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.

Only 20.968 pieces minted. Very rare.

KM.658.7 ; Gadoury 496 RR
vg/f

weight 9,98gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
KM.693.15 ; Gadoury 501
Very attractive lustrous coin. Very rare this nice.
unc-

weight 1,26gr. ; silver Ø 16mm.
KM.654.1 ; Gadoury 346
attractive lustrous coin
xf-/xf

weight 7,42gr. ; copper Ø 29mm.

It concerns here a one-year-type, only minted in Strasbourg. This coin does not appear in the production records of the Monnaie de Paris. It is in fact a coin intended for local use and the Rhine trade where it was valued at 1.5 kreutzer. It is struck with the characteristics of the coins of the new Westphalian kingdom of Jérôme Napoléon (1807-1813). Rare.

KM.689 ; Gadoury 127 ; Guilloteau 2057 R
vf

weight 24,55gr. ; bronze Ø 35mm.
without mintmark ; plain ribbon

Mintage of 7.500 pieces. Scarce.

KM.5.2 ; Gadoury 191a ; Vanhoudt 902 ; Vanhoudt Atlas K.2 ;
de Mey/Pauwels A28 ; van Uden 16 S
minor edge nicks
f à f+

weight 27,54gr. ; bronze Ø 34mm.
mintmark W ; plain ribbon

Mintage of 28.500 pieces.

KM.5.4 ; Gadoury 191c ; Vanhoudt 902 ; Vanhoudt Atlas K.3 ; van Uden 18
minor adjust marks
vf/xf

weight 12,90gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
without mintmark ; plain ribbon

Mintage of 8.820 pieces. Scarce.

KM.2.2 ; Gadoury 129a ; Vanhoudt 903 ; Vanhoudt Atlas K.5 ; van Uden 2 S
minor adjust marks
vf à vf+

weight 12,91gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
mintmark V above ribbon ; plain ribbon

Mintage of 10.296 pieces.

KM.2.2a ; Gadoury 129b ; Vanhoudt 904 ; Vanhoudt Atlas K.6 ; van Uden 3
very minor adjust marks and some minor edge nicks
vf+

weight 25,12gr. ; bronze Ø 34,5mm.
without mintmark ; plain ribbon ; wide monogram

Mintage of 20.000 pieces.

KM.-- (cf. 7.1) ; Gadoury 193a ; Vanhoudt 907 ; Vanhoudt Atlas K.10 ; van Uden 26
adjust marks, but very lustrous coin
xf à xf+

weight 25,19gr. ; bronze Ø 34mm.
mintmark R below ribbin ; plain ribbon ;
wide monogram ; without dot after CENT

Mintage of 52.760 pieces.

KM.7.2 ; Gadoury 193d ; Vanhoudt 907 ; Vanhoudt Atlas K.11 ; van Uden 29
vf

weight 14,68gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
without mintmark ; plain ribbon ; wide monogram ;
dot after 1814 ; with initials J.L. - G.N. on ribbon (very faint)

Mintage of 31.200 pieces.

KM.4.1 ; Gadoury 131a ; Vanhoudt 910 ; Vanhoudt Atlas K.14 ; van Uden 15
minor edge nick
vf/vf+

weight 24,84gr. ; silver Ø 36,5mm.

The 100 Days Reign marked the period between Napoleon′s return from exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (in fact a period of 111 days).

Mintage op only 79.715 pieces. Scarce.

KM.704.6 ; Gadoury 595 S
vf-

weight 18,01gr. ; bronze Ø 32 mm.
2nd Restauration
variety with dot after decime
KM.701 ; Gadoury 196
f+

obv. MINES D′ANZIN within beaded circle
rev. DTMCW-monogram

Anzin, in the North of France at the Belgian border, was once the centre of important coal mines of the Valenciennes basin belonging to the Anzin Company, the formation of which dates to 1717. The commune′s first coal layer of the area in 1734. The company of the mines of John Anzin (Compagnie des mines d′Anzin) was created in 1757. In the middle of the 19th century, the company of Anzin has 38 wells in activity and employs about 7000 workers. The long strike for 56 days in 1883 and the riots of 1884 were the base of the novel Germinal by Émile Zola, who visited the mines in 1884.

Mazard 781 ; cf. Florange 16 R
vf

weight 24,90gr. ; silver Ø 36,5mm.
KM.720.1 ; Gadoury 643
Rare coin in an attractive condition.
vf/xf à xf-

weight 24,74gr. ; silver Ø 36,5mm.
KM.728.8 ; Gadoury 644
Minor planchetfault. Nearly uncirculated lustrous coin.
xf+/unc

weight 4,98gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.

Mintage of only 74.735 pieces. Scarce.

cf. Auction Gadoury, 2 december 2017: 
(xf/unc with edge weakness € 900 + 20% commission.)

KM.724.2 ; Gadoury 450
Very attractive coin with toning.
xf/unc

weight 21,13gr. ; bronze Ø 31mm.
struck for use in Martinique and Guadeloupe
KM.11.2 ; Gadoury-Cousinié 17
vf

weight 25,07gr. ; silver Ø 37mm.
KM.749.13 ; Gadoury 678
vf/xf-

weight 24,93gr. ; silver Ø 37mm.
KM.749.13 ; Gadoury 678
Attractive coin with good details.
vf+ à vf/xf

weight 24,94gr. ; silver Ø 37mm.
KM.749.13 ; Gadoury 678
vf/xf

weight 9,99gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
KM.743.1 ; Gadoury 520
Excellent coin with nice toning. Rare this nice.
unc-

weight 0,98gr. ; silver Ø 15mm.
KM.758.1 ; Gadoury 303
some minor scratches, otherwise attractive lustrous example
xf  à xf+

weight 1,97gr. ; bronze Ø 17,5mm.
KM.754 ; Gadoury 84
unc-

weight 1,62gr. ; gold Ø 14mm.

Small module and with plain edge.
Scarce variety and rare in this high grade...

KM.783 ; Gadoury 1000 R
unc

weight 1,62gr. ; gold 900/1000 ; Ø 17mm.
KM.787.1 ; Gadoury 1001 ; Friedberg 578a
very attractive lustrous specimen
xf/unc

weight 0,97gr. ; silver Ø 16mm.

Only 90.566 pieces minted. Scarce.

KM.808.3 ; Gadoury 309 S
vf-/vf

weight 10,03gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
KM.798.3 ; Gadoury 253
xf

weight 4,90gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.797.1 ; Gadoury 155
xf-

weight 5,01gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.797.1 ; Gadoury 155
Wonderful uncirculated lustrous coin.
unc

weight 5,02gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.797.2 ; Gadoury 155
unc

weight 5,02gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.797.2 ; Gadoury 155
Beautiful lustrous coin. Mintstate. Rare this nice.
unc

weight 1,97gr. ; bronze Ø 20mm.
KM.796.6 ; Gadoury 104
vf/vf-

weight 0,96gr. ; bronze Ø 15mm.
KM.775.3 ; Gadoury 86
minor scratch on the obverse
f/vf à vf-

weight 20,05gr. ; silver Ø 35mm.

variant: long leaves in wreath

KM.879 ; Gadoury 852
unc-

weight 19,95gr. ; silver 680/1000 ; Ø 35mm.

variant: long leaves in wreath

KM.879 ; Gadoury 852
attractive toning
vf/xf

weight 25,00gr. ; silver Ø 37mm.
KM.819 ; Gadoury 743
some minor edge nicks
vf/xf

weight 24,88gr. ; silver 900/1000 ; Ø 37mm.
KM.820.1 ; Gadoury 745a
Small edge nick. Attractive toning.
xf-/xf

weight 12,01gr. ; nickel Ø 31mm.
KM.888 ; Gadoury 760
very tiny edge nick
xf-

weight 8,05gr. ; copper-aluminium Ø 27mm.
KM.877 ; Gadoury 533
Wonderful lustrous coins.
fdc

weight 5,02gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.
KM.844.1 ; Gadoury 467
Wonderful lustrous coin with attractive toning. Near mintstate. (about MS62-64)
unc-

weight 5,01gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.
KM.844.1 ; Gadoury 467
about unc

weight 5,02gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.
KM.844.1 ; Gadoury 467
excellent uncirculated full lustrous coin (about MS64-66)
unc

weight 4,06gr. ; copper-aluminium Ø 23mm.
KM.876 ; Gadoury 468
Wonderful lustrous coin (about MS62-65).
unc

weight 4,06gr. ; copper-aluminium Ø 23mm.
KM.876 ; Gadoury 468
Perfect lustrous coin (about MS65-70).
unc

weight 2,46gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.
KM.854 ; Gadoury 420
xf/unc

weight 2,50gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

Last year of this cointype.

KM.854 ; Gadoury 420
Lustrous uncirculated coin. Very attractive. (circa MS62-65)
unc

weight 1,96gr. ; copper-aluminium Ø 18mm.
KM.884 ; Gadoury 421
Lustrous coin
unc-/xf+

weight 1,94gr. ; copper-aluminium Ø 18mm.
KM.894.1 ; Gadoury 423
Wonderful lustrous coin 
unc

weight 4,89gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 24mm.
KM.867a ; Gadoury 380
unc-

weight 4,97gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 24mm.
KM.867a ; Gadoury 380
unc

weight 9,79gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
KM.815.1 ; Gadoury 265
about unc

weight 9,79gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
KM.815.2 ; Gadoury 265a
Wonderful uncirculated lustrous coin. Rare this nice.
fdc

weight 10,00gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
KM.815.1 ; Gadoury 265a
vf/xf à xf-

weight 9,98gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
KM.843 ; Gadoury 277
Wonderful lustrous coin.
unc-

weight 9,95gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
KM.843 ; Gadoury 277
Wonderful full lustrous specimen. Mint state.
unc

weight 4,03gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 21mm.
mintmark thunderbolt
KM.866a ; Gadoury 286
Wonderful lustrous coin.
fdc

weight 4,17gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 21mm.
KM.866a ; Gadoury 286
vf/xf

weight 5,02gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.821.1 ; Gadoury 157
unc