weight 1,27gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

obv. Saint Blaise with nimbus and mitre standing facing, holding crozier
with his left hand, his right hand raised in blessing, surrounded by the
legend; •S•BLASIV- S•RAGVSII•
rev. Christ standing holding bible with aureole around his head, his right
hand in bessing, in ellipse shaped figure (mandorla), dividing  IC - XC

Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik) is founded during the first half of the seventh century. From its foundation, the city is placed under the protection of Byzantium. In 980, the city became the seat of a bishopric. A maritime merchant city-state that emerged from the Byzantine realm, Dubrovnik (Ragusa) became over the centuries a specific cultural combination of old Roman roots, a predominantly South Slavic population, the Catholic religion. With a span of over 500 years, the Dubrovnik coinage series is remarkable, like the Republic itself. Given here is a representative of the money that existed and circulated in late 14th century. Like Venice, where it becomes a competitor, Ragusa knows how to take advantage of its coastal position to develop a lucrative maritime trade. Like Venice, it offers assistance to the Muslim alliance during the battle of Diu against the Portuguese, in 1509, in the Indian Ocean. After 1526, it pays a tribute to the Ottomans, until 1718. Led by Napoleon, the French army entered Ragusa in 1806. It is the best preserved city on the Adriatic Coast. The city walls are a symbol of medieval architecture and the most beautiful poem to liberty - Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro (Liberty is not to be sold for all the gold of the world) was inscribes upon them.

Saint Blaise (Blasius) was the bishop of Sebaste, a city in Cilician Armenia (modern-day Turkey) in the 3rd and 4th century AD. He is best known for his healing powers, especially for throat complaints. It is said that he cured a boy with a fishbone in his throat. During his life, he was persecuted for his faith. According to legend, he was tortured with wool combs before being beheaded, which made him a martyr. This also makes him the patron saint of wool combing and the wool industry. Saint Blaise is still venerated in the Catholic, Orthodox, and Eastern Orthodox churches in many regions, and his feast day is celebrated in various ways, often with a special blessing for the throat. He is a popular saint, especially in the Latin Church, where his feast day falls on 3 February.

Reschetar 964
attractive specimen with appealing toning
vf

weight 4,63gr. ; silver Ø 26mm.
series 1A

obv. Crowned king seated facing on curule chair with lion-head ornaments.
He holds a sceptre in right hand and a globus cruciger in his left, surrounded
by the legend; HЄNRI  -  RЄI DЄ
rev. Cross of Jerusalem (large cross with a square in the centre, with smaller
crosses in each quarter part), surrounded by a beaded ring. Another beaded
ring on the rim, with the inscription between the rings; ✠ IЄRVSAL′M Є D′CHIPR′

The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Crusader state that existed between
1192 and 1489. It was ruled by the French House of Lusignan.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Crusader state, founded by Christian princes in 1099 when the First Crusade took the city. Godfrey of Bouillon, the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, himself refused the title of king, and instead chose the title "Defender of the Holy Sepulchre". Thus, the title of king was only introduced for his successor, King Baldwin I in 1100. The city of Jerusalem was lost in 1187, but the Kingdom of Jerusalem survived (also known as the "Second Kingdom of Jerusalem"), moving its capital to Acre in 1191. The city of Jerusalem was re-captured in the Sixth Crusade, during 1229–39 and 1241–44. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was finally dissolved with the fall of Acre and the end of the Crusades in the Holy Land in 1291. During his first reign (1285-1306) Henry II was the last king of Jerusalem who actually reigned over the holy city and with his death in 1324 he was the last Frankish king to rule on the mainland of Palestine. After the Crusader States ceased to exist, the title of King of Jerusalem was claimed by a number of European noble houses descended from the kings of Cyprus or the kings of Naples. The (purely ceremonial) title of King of Jerusalem is currently used by Felipe VI of Spain. It was claimed by Otto von Habsburg as Habsburg pretender, and by the kings of Italy (House of Savoy) until 1946.

Metcalf, coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East, 711-715 ;
MPS.50var. ; Schlumberger VI, 21var. ; Boutin Pl. XLVI, 874var. ;
Saulcy X, 10 ; Metcalf & Pitsillides pl.7, 10 & 11
Beautiful specimen with excellent details and attractive tone.
xf

weight 2,76gr. ; silver 925/1000 ; Ø 19mm.
KM.15
f/vf

weight 11,27gr. ; silver 925/1000 ; Ø 30mm.
KM.26
some very minor scratches
xf-/xf+

weight 5,68gr. ; silver 925/1000 ; Ø 23,5mm.
KM.25
some very minor scratches
xf-/xf+

weight 0,70gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.

obv. Short cross pattée within circle, surrounded
by the legend; ✠ • K • R • PRINC′ ACh′
rev. Châtel tournois (Castle), surrounded by the legend;
✠ ⁑DE⁑CLARENCIA⁑
("Chatel Tournois" was the Carolingian basilica of the Abbey of St Martin of Tours).

The Principality of Achaea or of the Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica was captured by Theodore, the despot of Epirus, in 1224. After this, Achaea became for a while the dominant power in Greece. Achaea was founded in 1205 by William of Champlitte and Geoffrey I of Villehardouin, who undertook to conquer the Peloponnese on behalf of Boniface of Montferrat, King of Thessalonica. With a force of no more than 100 knights and 500 foot soldiers, they took Achaea and Elis, and after defeating the local Greeks in the Battle of the Olive Grove of Koundouros, became masters of the Morea.

Charles II  ′the Lame′ of Anjou was born in 1254 as son of Charles I of Anjou and Beatrice of Provence. Charles married Mary of Hungary in 1269.  Charles fell seriously ill in late 1271. To encourage prayers for his recovery, his father donated Charles′ wax sculptures to churches frequented by pilgrims in the whole kingdom. After Charles recovered, his father made a pilgrimage at the shrine of Saint Nicholas in Bari and sent gifts to the sanctuary of Mary the Virgin at Rocamadour. He was granted the Principality of Salerno in 1272. In June 1284 he attacked the Araganese garrison at Nisida with his fleet, but he lost the battle and fell into captivity. When his father died on 7 januari 1285, he was not able to take over his reign. Robert of Artois was made regent. With the help of Edward I of England, Charles was bought free for the randsom of 50.000 marks in silver. He was crowned king in Rieti by Pope Nicholas IV on 29th may 1289. He died in Naples in May 1309, and was succeeded by his son Robert the Wise.

Schlumberger XII, 17 ; cf. Metcalf 942-950 ; MPS.12
f/vf à vf-

weight 3,53 ; electrum Ø 22mm.

obv. Nimbate Christ standing facing, right hand raised in benediction,
book of gospels in left, nine stars around; all within oval frame of dots,
surrounded by a blundered legend (derived from RЄGIS•ISTЄ•DUCAT′•,
/ •SIT•T•XPЄ.DAT′•Q′•TV)
rev. The doge on right kneeling left, facing nimbate St. Marco right on left;
they hold banner between them; AND.DANDVL (blundered) clockwise to right -
S.M.VENETI anticklockwise to left, DVX in upper field to right of banner

Imitation of the zecchino of  the Venetian doge Andrea Dandolo (1343-1354). There are different theories when and where these imitative zecchini were minted. Possible it was minted after the Crusade of Smyrna (1344), which brought substantial issues of Andrea Dandolo to the region, inspiring their direct imitation. On the basis of pertinent documentary information, Philip Grierson believed that they were minted at Lesbos in the periode before 1357. A hoard at Phokaia seems to underline such an attribution.

Robert II of Taranto (1319 or early winter 1326 – 10 September 1364), of the Angevin family (House of Anjou), Prince of Taranto (1331–1346), King of Albania (1331–1364), Prince of Achaea (1332–1346), and titular Latin Emperor (1343 or 1346 – 1364). He was the oldest surviving son of Prince Philip I of Taranto (1278–1331) and Empress Catherine II of Valois. In 1332, as a result of an exchange with his uncle John of Gravina, Robert became Prince of Achaea. Because of his youth, authority was effectively exercised by his mother Catherine II of Valois until her death in 1346. At that point Robert inherited the throne of the Latin Empire, and was recognized as emperor by the Latin states of Greece. His actual power, such as it was, remained based upon his authority as prince of Achaea. In Naples, on 9 September 1347 he married Marie of Bourbon, the daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon Constable of Cyprus, but the marriage was childless. When he died on 10 October 1364, his widow attempted to keep the principality for herself and her son from her previous marriage. However, Robert′s younger brother Philip II of Taranto succeeded as the legitimate heir. He died in Naples and was buried there.

cf. Friedberg page 518, no.38a ; Ives XII, 1 ;
Schlumberger  XII, 34 ; cf. Gamberini 344 R
Minor weak parts. Very interesting cointype. Rare.
vf

weight 4,80gr. ; copper Ø 25mm.
KM.54
vf-

weight 2,38gr. ; copper Ø 19mm.
KM.1 ; Spink 7202
minor traces of oxidation
vf/xf

weight 9,86gr. ; copper Ø 31,6mm.
KM.7
about unc

weight 9,29gr. ; copper Ø 31,6mm.
KM.7
xf-

weight 9,00gr. ; copper Ø 29mm.

The date 1858 has been altered from 1830. Unpublished as such. Extremely rare.

KM.2 ; Spink 7204  RRR
vf+

weight 4,73gr. ; bronze Ø 26mm.
KM.5 ; Spink 7207
Beautiful lustrous example. Mintstate.
unc

weight 2,32gr. ; bronze Ø 19mm.
KM.10 ; Spink 7213
xf/unc à unc-

weight 5,94gr. ; bronze Ø 24mm.
KM.7.2
unc

weight 1,43gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Crowned facing head in triangle, hand holding scepter,
cinquefoil to right  hЄRI - CVS R - ЄX•III
rev. Voided long cross pommeé, three pellets in each angle 
NIC - OLЄ - ONL - VND

The obverse is Irish, the reverse is English. The reverse die is from the London moneyer Nicole. Maybe it concerns here a continental imitation. Normally the pennies of this type are struck in Dublin by the moneyers Davi or Ricard. Highly interesting and extremely rare hybride strike (mule). Unpublished in the important reference literature.

Spink- (cf.6235 = Dublin // 1365 = London) ;
Coincraft- (cf. IH31D-010) ; cf. North 119 (London) RRR
Some minor weakness.
vf

weight 2,61gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.
Second Coinage (1540-1542)
mintmark trefoil

obv. Crowned arms within circle placed over long cross.
In outer circle the legend; HENR - IC‡VIII - D′‡G′‡R - AGL′
rev. Crowned harp dividing crowned H - R, within circle. In outer
circle the legend; FRANCЄ x DOMINVS x x HIBЄRNIЄx trefoil

No coins were struck in Ireland for the first twenty-six years of Henry′s reign although from 1534 onwards groat were being struck in London and Bristol and shipped to Ireland, because Henry was in favour of central control of the money supply. These groats, which had a value of either four or six pence, were known as harp groats as a large harp can be found on the reverse.

Spink 6479 ; Coincraft IH84D-025
Some weakness of strike. Scarce.
vf-

weight 2,44gr. ; silver Ø 24mm.
Fifth Coinage (1544-1546)
mintmark lis

obv. Crowned arms within circle placed over long cross. 
In outer circle the legend; HENRIC - VIII‡DI‡ - GRACIA - ANGLIЄ
rev. Crowned harp dividing crowned H - R, within circle. In outer
circle the legend; trefoil FRANCIЄ xx ЄT HIBЄRNIЄ x x RЄX x S

The value of this groat was sixpence although its
silver content was reduced from 666/1000 to 500/1000.
The meaning of the letter S after RЄX is still unexplained.

No coins were struck in Ireland for the first twenty-six years of Henry′s reign although from 1534 onwards groat were being struck in London and Bristol and shipped to Ireland, because Henry was in favour of central control of the money supply. These groats, which had a value of either four or six pence, were known as harp groats as a large harp can be found on the reverse.

Spink 6483 ; Coincraft IH84D-050
Some weakness of strike. Rare.
f/vf

weight 4,34gr. ; copper Ø 20,5mm.
KM.146.1 ; Spink 6622 ; Coincraft IG3FA-055
Some minor spots. Full lustrous coin.
unc

weight 17,11gr. ; copper Ø 34mm.
KM.3 ; Spink 7001
some minor edge nicks
f/vf

weight 4,67gr. ; bronze Ø 24mm.
KM.4 ; Spink 7005
minor edge nick
vf

weight 5,55gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.9 ; Spink 7010
unc-

weight 9,23gr. ; bronze Ø 30,5mm.
KM.12 ; Spink 7011
vf

weight 9,61gr. ; bronze Ø 30,5mm.
KM.14 ; Spink 7013
vf/xf

weight 9,36gr. ; bronze Ø 30,5mm.
KM.16 ; Spink 7016
vf/xf

weight 5,70gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.

mintage: 72.000 pieces

KM.11 ; Spink 7012
xf

weight 5,62gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.13 ; Spink 7014
vf-/vf

weight 5,59gr. ; bronze Ø 25mm.
KM.15 ; Spink 7016
xf-/xf

weight 9,36gr. ; bronze Ø 30,5mm.
KM.18 ; Spink 7017
xf

weight 9,52gr. ; bronze Ø 30,5mm.
KM.19 ; Spink 7019
xf/unc

weight 9,40gr. ; bronze Ø 30,5mm.
KM.21 ; Spink 7024
unc

weight 9,40gr. ; bronze Ø 30,5mm.

Struck in 1966 to mark the 900th anniversary of the Norman Conquest, this coin issued by the Bailiwick of Jersey commemorates an iconic time in Jersey′s history. As the last bronze 1/12th of a shilling issued during the Old Elizabeth II coinage, the coin features Cecil Thomas′ famous crowned portrait of Her Majesty the Queen.

KM.26 ; Spink 7026
unc-/unc

weight 28,20gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 39mm.
KM.44
unc

weight 3,15gr. ; silver Ø 26mm.

obv. Cross formed of four butted V′s around a cruciform
ornament within pearled circle, surrounded by the legend;
✠ WENCELxDEIxGRAxLVCxBRABxDVX
(translation: Wenceslaus I, by the grace of God, Duke of Luxembourg and Brabant)
rev. Crown over shields of Bohemia and Luxemburg within pearled circle,
surrounded by the legend; ✠MONETAxNOVAxLVCEBVRGENS′
(translation: New Luxembourg currency)

Wenceslaus I was born on 25 February 1337 in Prague. He was the son, and only child, of John the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Beatrice of Bourbon. In 1352, Wenceslaus married Joanna of Brabant (1322 – 1406), daughter of John III, Duke of Brabant and Limburg, and Marie d′Évreux .In 1353 Charles IV King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg and elected Holy Roman King, entrusted the county of Luxembourg, their father′s inheritance, to his half-brother Wenceslaus. In 1354 Charles raised Luxembourg to the status of a duchy.

In 1355, Joanna inherited Brabant and Limburg. In order to guarantee the indivisibility of Brabant, Wenceslaus signed the Joyous Entry, but had to fight against his brother-in-law Louis II of Flanders, who asserted his share of the duchy. He failed to prevent the seizure of Brussels by the Flemings, but a certain Everard ′t Serclaes succeeded by an audacious coup in driving them out of the city. Thereafter, Wenceslaus had to face primarily internal disorders. In 1371, he overestimated his military capacities and waged war with William II, Duke of Jülich, resulting in humiliating defeat at the Battle of Baesweiler, losing a part of his army, and several noblemen. He was captured and suffered 11 months of captivity. Wenceslaus died in Luxembourg on 7 december 1383, leaving Joanna as sole ruler of Brabant, and was succeeded by Wenceslaus II (Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia) as duke of Luxembourg. There are speculations that he might have died of leprosy. His last wish was his heart to be displaced from his dead body and sent to his wife (Joanna stayed in Brussels). He is buried in a crypt at Orval Abbey in Belgium.

Probst L148-1 ; Weiller 147 ; Bernays & Vannérus 149 ; Boudeau 1870
wonderful specimen with excellent details and attractive toning
xf-

weight 1,13gr. ; silver Ø 22mm.

obv. Quartered escutcheon of Bavaria and Palatinate, within reeded
circle, surrounded by the legend; ✠IOh′•DVX•BAVAR′•Z•FIL′•HO′
translation: Jean, Duke of Bavaria and heir of Holland
rev. Luxemburgish shield with lion rampant to the left, on a field of 5 pieces,
laid on a long patted cross, placed over reeded circle, cutting the legend,
surrounded by the legend; MONЄ′ - NOVA• - LVCЄ - BVRS:
translation: New currency of Luxembourg

John of Bavaria was born in 1374 in Le Quesnoy (Hainaut), the youngest son of Albert of Bavaria (of the House of Wittelsbach) and Margaret of Brieg. John was destined for a spiritual career. From a young age, he was, among other things, a canon of the cathedral chapter of Cambrai and provost of Cologne. In 1389, he was elected Prince-Bishop of Liège. However, he was not particularly popular there, forcing him to flee the city in 1406 and settle in Maastricht. After renouncing the bishopric of Liège and resigning from the clergy, King Sigismund granted him Holland, Zeeland, and Hainaut on 27 April 1418, recognized him as a count by Dordrecht and South Holland, and inaugurated as such in Dordrecht on 23 June. In 1418, Jan married Elisabeth of Görlitz, thus also becoming Duke of Luxembourg. The marriage remained childless. Jan "without Grace" was not a beloved ruler. Ultimately, he was poisoned by his court marshal, Jan van Vliet, in 1424, from which he died on 6 January 1425. He was buried in the Kloosterkerk (Monastery Church) in The Hague.

Probst L193-1 ; Weiller 183  ; Bernays & Vannérus 192 ;
Boudeau 1883 ; Vanhoudt Atlasss G.1556 ; Slg. de Wit 1411 R
Struck with some weaknesses. Rare.
f/vf

weight 13,50gr. ; copper Ø 30mm.
KM.11 ; Probst L256-1 S
f+

weight 1,91gr. ; copper Ø 17,5mm.
KM.10 ; Probst L257-3
f/vf

weight 9,72gr. ; copper Ø 31mm.
KM.23.2 ; Probst L264-5 ; Weiler 254 ; Schulman 739
vf/vf-

weight 4,68gr. ; copper Ø 25mm.

Although this coin shows the mint and mint master′s mark of Utrecht,
this coin was actually minted in Brussels.

KM.22.2 ; Probst L265-1 ; Weiler 255 ; Schulman 731
vf-

weight 2,49gr. ; copper Ø 21mm.

Although this coin shows the mint and mint master′s mark of Utrecht,
this coin was actually minted in Brussels.

KM.21 ; Probst L269-1 ; Weiler 256 ; Schulman 739a
xf/unc

gewicht 26,86gr. ; zilver Ø 40mm.
mintmaster Jacob Jansz. de Jonge
mintmark rose ❀

obv. Armored knight standing left, head turned right, with crest
decorated with a plume, in front of him a shield with the arms of
Holland dividing the date 15 - 89, within dotted circle, surrounded
by the legend; ×MO×NO×ARG×  -  ×ORDIN×HOL×
in full: Moneta Nova Argentea Ordinum Hollandiae, translation;
New silver currency of the State of Holland.

rev. Rampant lion to left in inner dotted circle, surrounded by
the legend; ❀ ×CONFIDENS×DNO×NON×MOVETVR×
in full: Confidens domino non movetur, translation;
He who trusts in the Lord is unwavering

On the reverse side, two countermarks have been applied:
a lily and a hexagram within a pearl circle.

These countermarks were always applied in combination and have been found on lion dollars from the period 1576-1604 from various provinces and cities. It is therefore plausible that the countermarks were applied in 1604 or shortly thereafter. In the marked specimens, we also always see a small test cut in the coin, with which the quality of the metal was tested. It is not certain which authority was responsible for these countermarks, but it must certainly be sought in the Mediterranean area. Malta is the most plausible, possibly at the time of Grand Master Alof de Wignacount (1601-1622). Without a doubt, these markings were intended to confirm the quality, thus declaring the pieces valid.

In 1609, Alof de Wignacourt, Grand Master of the Supremus Militaris Ordo Hospitalarius Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani Rhodiensis et Melitensis (Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta), generally referred to as the Knights of Malta, reported to the Council of the Order that many counterfeit German and Hungarian thalers that been seized from Turkish ships were circulating in Malta. Moreover, some bore a false countermark of a fleur de lis, the personal emblem of the Grand Master. The Council ordered that the coins in question be assayed, counterfeits destroyed, and efforts made to discover who was responsible for applying the false countermark on the counterfeit coins. There are two varieties of the fleur de lis countermark, a simple incuse and a more complex relief. The simple incuse would have been easy to counterfeit, the relief version less so. All legitimate Maltese countermarks are accompanied by a small cut near the edge of the coin.

Alof de Wignacourt (1547 – 14 September 1622) was a French nobleman who was the 54th Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem from 10 February 1601 to his death in 1622. Unlike a number of the other Grand Masters, he was popular with the Maltese people. Wignacourt is mostly remembered for the construction of the Wignacourt Aqueduct as well as a series of coastal towers which also bear his name.

Wignacourt joined the Order in 1564, aged seventeen, and distinguished himself at the Great Siege of Malta a year later. He was elected Grand Master in 1601. In order to ensure that the local population continued to celebrate the date of his accession, he declared the date of the shipwreck of St Paul in Malta to be the 10 of February; a date that is celebrated passionately to this day. He was patron of Caravaggio following the artist′s arrival in Malta in 1607 until his arrest and subsequent expulsion from the Order in 1608.

His reign was notable for the construction of a number of coastal fortifications (the Wignacourt towers), and of the Wignacourt Aqueduct that brought water from the plateau above Rabat to Valletta. The Wignacourt Arch was built as a part of the aqueduct between Birkirkara and Santa Venera, and it had his coat of arms with three fleur-de-lys on it, giving it the name of the Fleur-de-Lys Gate. A settlement which developed around this area is now known as Fleur-de-Lys, and the three fleur-de-lys from the coat of arms also appear on the flag of Santa Venera. During his reign, in 1614 the Ottomans made their final attempt to conquer Malta. Six thousand men landed at Marsascala Bay and raided the village of Żejtun. The Order′s cavalry and Maltese civilians, however, managed to overcome the Turks who retreated, without a single Christian dead. His parade armour survives and is one of the treasures of the armoury of the Grandmaster′s Palace in Valletta. Alof de Wignacourt died of apoplexy while he was out shooting on 14 September 1622 at the age of 75.

References for the countermarks:
Denaro, Victor F. 1955. The Mint of Malta. Numismatic Chronicle, ser. 6, vol. 7: 176. ; Denaro, Victor F. 1963. Dutch Coins and Maltese Countermarks. Numismatic Chronicle, ser. 7, vol. 3: 149-154 ; Sietz, George. 1999. Gegenstempel auf niederländischen Handelsmünzen. Numismatisches Nachrichten Blatt, 48: 417-419 ; Wiki Munten en papiergeld, klop D46 (lelie) en D47 (hexagram)

♦ Highly interesting and very rare historical coin ♦

Delmonte 831 ; Verkade 48.3 ; HNPM.22 ; 
CNM.2.28.66 ; Davenport 8838 ; KM.11
some minor weakness of strike, but overall a
very attractive specimen with appealing toning
vf

weight 11,26gr. ; copper Ø 28mm.

obv. AD-monogram surmounted by ducal coronet, 1758 below
rev. Triskeles with around the legend QUOCUNQUE•JECERIS•STABIT

From this cointtype were 60.000 pieces minted.

KM.7 ; Spink 7411
vf/xf

weight 32,61gr. ; bronze Ø 34mm.
KM.391
minor planchet faults and small scratch
f/vf

weight 2,50gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

The year 1859 has been altered from 1858. Rare as such.

KM.497var. ; cf. Gomes P5.03.03      R
vf

weight 2,49gr. ; silver Ø 20mm.

Mintage of 60.000 pieces. Scarce.

KM.510 S
vf/vf+

weight 11,92gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.
KM.527
xf-/xf

weight 6,70gr. ; bronze Ø 26,5mm.
KM.513
Wonderful lustrous coin. Rare this nice.
unc

weight 12,46gr. ; silver 917/1000 ; Ø 30,5mm.
KM.535
vf/xf

weight 3,94gr. ; bronze Ø 22,5mm.
KM.546
unc-/xf+

weight 3,49gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 20mm.

First year of this coin type.

KM.590
Full lustrous coin. Scarce in this high condition.
unc

weight 25,09gr. ; silver Ø 37mm.
KM.564
xf/unc-

weight 4,49gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 23mm.
KM.577
Full lustrous coin. Rare in this high condition.
unc

weight 1,83gr. ; bronze Ø 16mm.
KM.595
Full lustrous coin with red color.
unc

weight 2,00gr. ; bronze Ø 17mm.
KM.583
Scarce in this high grade.
unc-

weight 0,50gr. ; aluminium  Ø 16mm.
KM.595
unc

weight 16,60gr. ; copper-nickel Ø 34mm.
This is an unofficial private issue.
KM.--
unc

weight 2,84gr. ; tin Ø 21mm.

obv. Crowned Portuguese coat of arms within a circle.
In outer circle the (crude) legend; +JOANES 3 R P ET AL
(″John III King of Portugal and Algrave″)
rev. Astrolabe

Malaka was captured by the Portuguese on the 24th of August, 1511, after an attack on the city by a force led by Alfonso D′Albuquerque, the 2nd Viceroy of Portuguese India (1509-1515) and who was to become to the first governor of Melaka. The Melaka remained occupied by the Portuguese for the next 130 years, until the year 1641, when the Dutch occupied the city following an 8 months siege.

These cast tin dinheiro′s were produced in Malacca in private mints , excellent condition for these, rare. Some of the production of these coins was given into private hands, and some coins were produced in those private mints. These coins follow the pattern of the official coins, but carry nonsensical and almost unreadable inscriptions. All such private mint coins are scarce to rare. These coins are almost always found in poor condition - this piece is practically ″as made″ and is very rare as such.

An astrolabe is an elaborate inclinometer, historically used by astronomers and navigators to measure the altitude above the horizon of a celestial body, day or night. It can be used to identify stars or planets, to determine local latitude given local time (and vice versa), to survey, or to triangulate. It was used in classical antiquity, the Islamic Golden Age, the European Middle Ages and the Age of Discovery for all these purposes. The astrolabe′s importance not only comes from the early development of astronomy, but is also effective for determining latitude on land or calm seas. Although it is less reliable on the heaving deck of a ship in rough seas, the mariner′s astrolabe was developed to solve that problem.

Singh J3.03 ; Mitchiner 3148  R
vf

weight 5,22gr. ; tin Ø 26mm.
1 Bastado = 10 Soldos= 40 Reais
Made of cast calain (Asian tin)

obv.Three arrows of San Sebastião (Saint Sebastian) between S - B
(for ″San Sebastio″) within a ring of double circles filled within
alternative dots and stars
rev. Crude Portuguese coat of arms surrounded by dots.

The Portuguese were the first to arrive in India in 1498. The closing of traditional trade routes in western Asia by the Ottomans and rivalry with the Italian states, set Portugal in search of an alternate sea route to India. The first successful voyage to India was by Vasco da Gama in 1498, when he arrived in Calicut, Kerala. He proceeded to Goa. The Portuguese captured the entire coastal territory along India′s western and eastern coasts as well as the island of Sri Lanka in the early 16th century. Portugal had established trading outposts in Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli along India′s west coast. However Goa was their prized possession and their capital of the eastern hemisphere.

Saint Sebastian (circa 256-288 AD) was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian′s persecution of Christians, initially being tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows, though this did not kill him. He was, according to tradition, rescued and healed by Saint Irene of Rome.

Saran Singh S04 ; Vas. Se16 ; Grogan 13
Very attractive for the type.
vf

weight 1,57gr. ; copper Ø 19mm.
Joint Regal and Ecclesiastical Issue with Bishop James Kennedy of St. Andrews.

obv. Globus cruciger with rosette at center, orb titled upwards, within circle
IACOBVS DEI GRACIA REX
rev. Latin cross within quatrefoil with trefoils on cusps, within circle
CRVX PELLIT OIE CRIM

Unpublished variety with GRACIA instead of GRA. Extremely rare.

Bishop James Kennedy (Scottish Gaelic: Seumas Ceanadach) was born circa 1408 in Carrick, Scotland. He was the third and youngest son of Sir James Kennedy of Dunure, Ayrshire, and Princess Mary of Scotland, widow of the 1st Earl of Angus and second daughter of King Robert III of Scotland. His eldest brother was Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy. At young age he was sent to the continent to complete his studies in canon law and theology. In 1437 he became bishop of Dunkeld, but that was for short. After the death of Henry Wardlaw in 1440 he became bishop of St. Andrews until his death in 1465. He became the principal figure in the government of the minority of King James II of Scotland as well as founder of St Salvator′s College, St Andrews.

King James III was born to James II of Scotland and Mary of Guelders in 10 July 1451 or May 1452. The place of birth was either Stirling Castle or the Castle of St Andrews, depending on the year. His most recent biographer, the historian Norman Macdougall, argued strongly for late May 1452 at St Andrews. He succeeded his father James II on 3 August 1460 and was crowned at Kelso Abbey, Roxburghshire, a week later. During his childhood, the government was led by three successive factions, first the King′s mother, Mary of Guelders (1460–1463) (who briefly secured the return of the burgh of Berwick to Scotland), then James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews, and Gilbert, Lord Kennedy (1463–1466), then Robert, Lord Boyd (1466–1469).

cf. Seaby 5311 (type III) ; cf. SCBI 35 (Ashmolean & Hunterian) 813 ;
cf. Coincraft SJ31D-055 RRR
Some minor weaknesses, but for this cointype an attractive piece.
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